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        <title type="main" xml:lang="ja">支那人間に於ける食人肉の風習</title>
        <title type="reading" xml:lang="ja-Hira">しなじんかんにおけるしょくじんにくのふうしゅう</title>
        <author><persName xml:lang="ja"><surname>桑原</surname><forename>隲蔵</forename><idno type="aozora-person-id">000372</idno></persName><persName xml:lang="ja-Hira"><surname>くわばら</surname><forename>じつぞう</forename></persName><persName xml:lang="ja-Latn"><surname>Kuwabara</surname><forename>Jitsuzo</forename></persName></author>
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        <publisher ref="https://w3id.org/soranoha/">Soranoha</publisher>
        <idno type="soranoha-work-identifier">042810_000372</idno>
        <idno type="aozora-work-id">042810</idno>
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        <date when="2014-09-18">2014-09-18</date>
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        <bibl><title>桑原隲藏全集　第二卷</title><publisher>岩波書店</publisher><date>1968（昭和43）年3月13日</date><note type="input-edition">1968（昭和43）年3月13日</note><note type="proof-edition">1968（昭和43）年3月13日</note></bibl>
        <bibl type="first-publication">「東洋学報　第十四卷第一號」1924（大正13）年7月</bibl>
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          <mapping type="unicode">膛</mapping>
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          <mapping type="unicode">綳</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="糸＋（萠－くさかんむり）"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-3-19">
          <mapping type="unicode">凳</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="登／几"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-89-89">
          <mapping type="unicode">紇</mapping>
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          <mapping type="unicode">竑</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="立＋肱のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-90-90">
          <mapping type="unicode">莩</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="くさかんむり／孚"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-181-10">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="卦のへん＋りっとう"/>
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          <mapping type="unicode">殣</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="歹＋槿のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-88-54">
          <mapping type="unicode">瘞</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="やまいだれ＋（夾／土）"/>
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          <mapping type="unicode">胔</mapping>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-6424-181-11">
          <mapping type="unicode">搤</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="てへん＋益"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-85-29">
          <mapping type="unicode">晡</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="日＋甫"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-85-12">
          <mapping type="unicode">昀</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="日＋（勹＜二）"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-7DB3-181-17">
          <mapping type="unicode">綳</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="糸＋（萠－くさかんむり）"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-90-60">
          <mapping type="unicode">艴</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="弗＋色"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-5-71">
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          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="「縢」の「糸」に代えて「女」"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-8289-182-5">
          <mapping type="unicode">芉</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="くさかんむり／干"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-8289-182-6">
          <mapping type="unicode">芉</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="くさかんむり／干"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-8289-182-8">
          <mapping type="unicode">芉</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="くさかんむり／干"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-88-87">
          <mapping type="unicode">睢</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="目＋隹"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-526E-184-6">
          <mapping type="unicode">剮</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="咼＋りっとう"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5304-184-7">
          <mapping type="unicode">匄</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="勹＜亡"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-97C2-184-8">
          <mapping type="unicode">韂</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="「檐」の「木」に代えて「革」"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-87-52-at-86014">
          <mapping type="unicode">煑</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="睹のつくり／火"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-91-82">
          <mapping type="unicode">褚</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="ころもへん＋睹のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-92-64">
          <mapping type="unicode">邳</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="丕＋おおざと"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-92-16">
          <mapping type="unicode">韡</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="韋＋華"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-97C2-184-13">
          <mapping type="unicode">韂</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="「檐」の「木」に代えて「革」"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-58C2-185-1">
          <mapping type="unicode">壂</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="殿／土"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-6387-185-13">
          <mapping type="unicode">掇</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="てへん＋綴のつくり"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-87-56">
          <mapping type="unicode">煠</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="火＋喋のつくり"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-80D4-185-13">
          <mapping type="unicode">胔</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="此／肉"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-6387-185-14">
          <mapping type="unicode">掇</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="てへん＋綴のつくり"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-87-65">
          <mapping type="unicode">燾</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="壽／れんが"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-7330-187-10">
          <mapping type="unicode">猰</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="けものへん＋禊のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-3E84-187-10">
          <mapping type="unicode">㺄</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="けものへん＋愉のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-90-53-at-97327">
          <mapping type="unicode">臊</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="月＋操のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-87-20">
          <mapping type="unicode">澧</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="さんずい＋豊"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-87-63">
          <mapping type="unicode">熺</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="火＋喜"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-7330-189-9">
          <mapping type="unicode">猰</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="けものへん＋禊のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-3E84-189-9">
          <mapping type="unicode">㺄</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="けものへん＋愉のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-734D-189-9">
          <mapping type="unicode">獍</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="けものへん＋竟"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-79-2">
          <mapping type="unicode">溧</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="さんずい＋栗"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-84-13">
          <mapping type="unicode">庾</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="广＋諛のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-83-10">
          <mapping type="unicode">穪</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="禾＋爾"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-89-44">
          <mapping type="unicode">蹋</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="足へん＋搨のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-93-49">
          <mapping type="unicode">閩</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="門＜虫"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-59CA-192-14">
          <mapping type="unicode">姊</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="「女＋（「第－竹」の「コ」に代えて「ノ」）、「姉」の正字」"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-92-19">
          <mapping type="unicode">譙</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="言＋焦"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-88-32">
          <mapping type="unicode">璩</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="王＋據のつくり"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-88-13">
          <mapping type="unicode">琰</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="王＋炎"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-90-9">
          <mapping type="unicode">綦</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="「棊」の「木」に代えて「糸」"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-92-70">
          <mapping type="unicode">郝</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="赤＋おおざと"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-73AD-195-17">
          <mapping type="unicode">玭</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="王＋比"/>
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        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-637D-196-3">
          <mapping type="unicode">捽</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="てへん＋卒"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-88-56">
          <mapping type="unicode">瘵</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="やまいだれ＋祭"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-196-12">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="卦のへん＋りっとう"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-196-15">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="卦のへん＋りっとう"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-197-14">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="卦のへん＋りっとう"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-198-1">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="卦のへん＋りっとう"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-4-2-81-69">
          <mapping type="unicode">瘳</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="やまいだれ＋膠のつくり"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-59CA-198-3">
          <mapping type="unicode">姊</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="「女＋（「第－竹」の「コ」に代えて「ノ」）、「姉」の正字」"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-198-4">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="卦のへん＋りっとう"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-3-1-92-80">
          <mapping type="unicode">鄧</mapping>
          <localProp name="rawMarker" value="登＋おおざと"/>
        </char>
        <char xml:id="gaiji-U-5232-198-6">
          <mapping type="unicode">刲</mapping>
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    <body>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-926-993" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-947-989"><seg source="#source-947-953">緒言</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-993-2204">一國の歴史を闡明するには、その一國の記録だけでは不足を免れぬ。是非その國と關係深き他國の記録をも、比較參考する必要がある。支那歴史の研究者としては、支那本國の史料の外に、日本、朝鮮、安南等の記録を參考するは勿論、遠く西域諸國の記録をも利用せなければならぬ。兩漢以來、支那の國威が四表に張ると共に、その國情が次第にキリスト教國や、マホメット教國の間に傳はり、又此等遠西の諸國民も極東に觀光して、その見聞を公にした。此等の見聞録の中には支那の風俗世態等に關して、往々本國の記録に見當らぬ貴重な材料を供給するものも尠くない。極東に關係あるギリシア、ラテンの記録は、略 Coedès 氏の Textes d'Auteurs Grecs et Latins relatifs à L'Extrême-Orient に備はり、マホメット教徒の記録――その地理に關係ある部分を主としてあるが――は、大體 Ferrand 氏の Relations de Voyages et Textes géographiques Arabes, Persans et Turks relatifs a L'Extrême-Orient に纏められてある。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">ギリシア、ラテンの記録は、しばらく措き、マホメット教徒のそれは中々價値が多い。數あるマホメット教徒の記録の中で、その内容の豐かなる點より觀ても、將た又その年代の古き點より觀ても、所謂『印度支那物語』を第一に推さねばならぬ。この物語は前後の二篇に分かれ、前篇は Solayman の記録で、後篇は Abû Zayd のそれである。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">Solayman は東洋貿易商で、親しく支那に出掛けてその風俗人情を視察した。彼の記録は彼自身に執筆したものでなく、多分彼の見聞を材料として、他の無名の作者が筆録したものと想はれるが、兔に角ヘヂラ暦二三七年即ち西暦八五一年に出來たことは疑を容れぬ。Abû Zayd は Sîrâf の産で、彼自身支那の地を踏まぬけれど、當時 Sîrâf はペルシア灣頭第一の貿易港として、東洋貿易に從事する商賈の出入頻繁であつたから、彼は此等の商賈に就いて傳聞せる所を筆録したもので、ヘヂラ暦三〇三年、即ち西暦九一六年頃の作と認められて居る。要するに『印度支那物語』は、大體に於て西暦九世紀、即ち唐の後半期に於ける、支那人の風俗習慣を知るべき、尤も有益なる尤も面白き材料である。</p>
        <p>『印度支那物語』のアラブ語原本は、今日パリの國民文庫に現存して居る。この原本の來歴は、委細は Reinaud の著書（Relation des Voyages etc. Tome I, pp. iii-vi）に載せてあるから、態<g ref="#gaiji-1-2-22" source="#source-3861-3894">〻</g><seg source="#source-3894-4022">ここに紹介する必要がない。この物語は今日まで尠くとも左の如く三度歐洲語に譯出された。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-4025-4070"><seg source="#source-4025-4034">（一）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-4070-4286">　西暦一七一八年に、フランスの Renaudot が初めて之を佛語に飜譯した。その表題を Anciennes Relations de l'Inde et de la Chine de deux Voyageurs Mahometans qui y allèrent dans le IX</seg><hi rend="superscript" source="#source-4286-4332"><seg source="#source-4286-4291">ième</seg></hi><seg source="#source-4332-4812"> siécle といふ。彼は同時にその本文に對して若干の註解を加へた。Renaudot の佛譯は間もなく一七三三年に英譯せられ、その英譯は更に明治四十三年（西暦一九一〇）に我が東京で飜刻された。東京版の英譯は間々誤植がある。吾が輩は Renaudot 佛譯を有せぬ。また一七三三年版の英譯も左右に備付けてない。故に已むをえず東京版の英譯を使用して居る。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-4812-5499" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-4847-5142">その後本論文のほぼ脱稿する頃に、岩崎家の東洋文庫の好意により Renaudot の佛譯及びその一七三三年版の英譯を借覽することが出來た。併し東京版の英譯の方が、我が學界に普及して居るであらうといふ斟酌もあり、旁</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-2-22" source="#source-5142-5175">〻</g><seg source="#source-5175-5463">本論文中に引用せる Renaudot 譯は、すべて東京版の英譯の頁數を指示することにした。尚ほ東洋文庫から以上の外、三四の著者、雜誌、論文の融通を受け、尠からざる裨益を得た。茲に附記して感謝の意を表する。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-5504-5549"><seg source="#source-5504-5513">（二）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-5549-5808">　西暦一八四五年に、フランスの有名なるアラブ學者の Reinaud が、アラブ語の原本に添へて、新にその佛譯を公にした。Relation des Voyages faits par les Arabes et les Persans dans l'Inde et à la Chine dans le IX</seg><hi rend="superscript" source="#source-5808-5846"><seg source="#source-5808-5809">e</seg></hi><seg source="#source-5846-6118"> siècle de l'ère chrètienne が、この新佛譯の表題である。Reinaud はこの物語の序論として、中世に於けるアラブ人の東洋貿易界に於ける活躍の歴史を附し、又その本文に對して尠からざる註解を施した。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-6121-6166"><seg source="#source-6121-6130">（三）</seg></hi>　一昨年（西暦一九二二）の末に、同じくフランスの Ferrand 氏が、『東洋古典叢書』（Les Classiques de l'Orient）の第七卷として、新にこの物語の佛譯を公にした。表紙には單に Voyage du Marchand Arabe Solayman en Inde et en Chine rédigé en 851 と題してあるが、その内容は Renaudot や Reinaud のそれと同樣で、前篇は Solayman 後篇は Abû Zayd の記録を收めてある。</p>
        <p>『印度支那物語』はしかく早くしかく廣く、學界に紹介されたに拘らず、その内容は未だ十分に研究されて居らぬと思ふ。尠くともこの物語中に紹介されてある、支那人の風俗、習慣等に關しては、從來何等權威ある研究が發表されて居らぬ。Renaudot や Reinaud の古き註解がこの點に就いて不十分なることは、特に言明する迄もない。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-7087-7350">吾が輩はこの缺陷を遺憾に思ひ、最近四五年來、アラビアと支那との交通を研究すると共に、この物語中に見えて居る支那人の風俗、習慣の研究にも手を着けた。研究の方針として吾が輩は、</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-7353-7398"><seg source="#source-7353-7362">（１）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-7398-7577">　この物語と時代を同じくする、唐時代の事蹟に關する支那人の記録に對照して、この物語の記事の確實なることを證明すること。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-7580-7625"><seg source="#source-7580-7589">（２）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-7625-7975">　不幸にして唐時代に關する支那人の記録に、直接の證據見當らぬ場合には、唐以前の、若くば唐以後の事蹟で、この物語の記事と相發明するに足るものを、支那人の記録中から探求し、これより推して、アラブ人の所傳の信憑すべき程度を明瞭にすること。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-7978-8023"><seg source="#source-7978-7987">（３）</seg></hi>　『印度支那物語』の記事にも間々誤謬がある。この誤傳を支那人の記録に據つて證明すること。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-8160-8205"><seg source="#source-8160-8169">（４）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-8205-8405">　アラブ人の所傳と發明すべき、若くば關係ありと思はるる記事が、諸外國人の記録中に見當る場合は、成るべく之を蒐集して參考に供すること。</seg></p>
        <p><seg source="#source-8405-8470">以上の四點、殊に最初の三點に重きを置いた。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">吾が輩は『印度支那物語』に據つて、唐代の支那人の風俗、習慣を研究する序に、出來得べくんば、更に溯つてその風習の起源、又は沿革をも探討したいと心掛けて居る。之が爲に問題によつては、先秦時代より現時に至るまで、上下三千餘年に亙つて、支那文獻を渉獵するは勿論、時には廣く諸外國人の記録をも參考せなければならぬ場合も尠くない。かかる事情の下に、注意に價する程の結果を收めることは、豫期以上の困難を感じたが、併し今日ではこの未開の學田から、多少の收獲を得たかと思ふ。故に不十分を自覺しつつ、その收獲の一部を發表することにした。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人間に於ける食人肉の風習は、獨立した一論文として茲に掲載したが、實は上述の如き研究の一端に過ぎぬ。從つて發表の形式も、普通の場合と異にして、『印度支那物語』の記事を論文の冒頭に掲載することにした。爾後若し引續きこの物語に關する研究の結果を發表する場合には、之と同樣の形式を採りたいと思ふ。『印度支那物語』の記事に就いては、Renaudot, Reinaud, Ferrand 三氏の譯文を參考したが、大體に於て學界に廣く用ひられて居る Reinaud 譯に據ることにした。但し彼此の譯文に、注意に價する程の相違がある場合には、特にその旨を附記する。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-10012-10073" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-10033-10069"><seg source="#source-10033-10036">一</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-10076-10165"><seg source="#source-10094-10097">（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-13-21" source="#source-10097-10135">Ⅰ</g><seg source="#source-10135-10138">）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-10165-10570">　支那では時々地方の都督（gouverneur）が、その最高の王（即ち皇帝）に對して盡すべき服從を缺くことがある。かかる場合には、彼（その都督）は首を刎られ、食べられて仕舞ふ。支那人は刀劍で殺害された（即ち病死にあらざる）、すべての人の肉を食用する（Reinaud; Tome I, pp. 52-53. Ferrand; p. 67）。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-10570-10605">Renaudot の譯は、單に、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-10605-10905" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-10640-10869">支那皇帝の領土内にある都督が罪を犯す時は、彼は死に處せられ、食べられて仕舞ふ。概していへば、支那人は死に處せられた、すべての（罪）人を食用する（p. 25）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-10907-10930">となつて居る。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-10933-11023"><seg source="#source-10951-10954">（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-13-22" source="#source-10954-10993">Ⅱ</g><seg source="#source-10993-10996">）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-11023-11898">　支那帝國はこれ（黄巣の亂）以來、かつてアレキサンダーがダリウスを殺させ、ペルシアの土地をその（部下）將軍達（généreux）に分つた時に、ペルシアが陷つたと同樣の状態となつた。支那の各地方の（割據せる）都督達は、一層その勢力を増進せんが爲に、君主（souverain 即ち皇帝）の許可も命令もなしに、各自（勝手）に同盟を結んだ。彼等の一人が（より劣勢なる）他（の都督）を討ち滅ぼすに從ひ、彼は後者の所領を併せ、その土地をすべて荒し、その住民を食ひ盡くした。事實支那人の法律は、人肉を食ふことを認可し、人肉が諸市場（marchés）で、公然と販賣されて居る（Renaudot; pp. 34-35. Reinaud; Tome I, pp. 67-68.Ferrand; p. 78）。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">Renaudot 譯は、「支那人の法律」（la loi chinoise）の代りに「彼等の宗教の法規」（the laws of their religion）となつて居る。その他は大同小異に過ぎぬ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-12100-12179">Ferrand 譯はこの文章の前半に於て多少の相違があつて、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-12179-12911" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-12214-12875">支那はキスラー（Kisrâ）の時、アレキサンダーがダリウス大王を殺さしめて、ペルシアをその將軍達の間に分つた時に、ペルシアが陷つたと同樣の状態となつた。支那の（各）地方の行政權を簒つた叛徒達（rebelles）（即ち獨立せる地方都督達）は、國王の許可も命令もなしに、（勝手に）彼等の目的を貫徹すべく、相互に助け合つた。彼等の一人がより強大となつて、より劣勢の者を打ち倒すと、征服者（Vainqueur）はその國を奪ひ、すべてを荒し、その住民のすべてを食ひ盡くした。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-12913-12981">となつて居る。以下の文句には殆ど相違がない。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-12984-13075"><seg source="#source-13002-13005">（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-13-23" source="#source-13005-13045">Ⅲ</g><seg source="#source-13045-13048">）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-13075-13839">　支那では既婚の男子が既婚の女子と姦通する時は、（彼等は）死刑に處せられる。泥棒（voleurs）及び人殺（を行うた人）達（meurtriers）も、之と同樣である。彼等（死刑犯罪者）を殺す方法を茲に示す。……罪人を望み通りの状態に置くと、特にその用途に定められて居る笞を以て、罪人の身體の中で、致命を與へ得べき部分を毆打する。毆打の數は一定して居つて、それを超過することは許されない。かくてその罪人は蟲の息を餘すばかりであるから、彼を食べるに違ひない人々（の手）に引渡して仕舞ふ（Renaudot; pp. 35-36. Reinaud; Tome I, pp. 69-70. Ferrand; pp. 79-80）。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-13839-13870">Ferrand 譯の前半は、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-13870-14201" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-13905-14165">以前身持の良かつた二人の男女が、姦通を行ふと、（彼等は）死刑に處せられる。泥棒及び刺客達（assassins）も同一の罰を受ける。（此等の）死刑犯罪者は次の如き方法で、刑を執行される。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-14203-14226">となつて居る。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">以上が『印度支那物語』中に見えて居る、支那人の Cannibalism に關する記事のすべてである。この物語を佛譯したフランスの Reinaud は、この記事に疑惑を挾み、當時支那は紛亂を極めて、殆ど無政府ともいふべき時代であつたから、或は一時的現象として、かかる蠻風が存在したかも知れぬが、恐らくはマホメット教徒――Abû Zayd――訛傳で、事實に非ざるべしと解釋して居る（Relation des Voyages. Tome II, pp. 41-42. Note 139）。併しこは Reinaud が、支那に古代から食人肉の風習が存在し、殊にこの物語の時代、即ち唐末に於て、この蠻風が尤も廣く尤も盛に流行した事實を知らざる故で、Solayman や Abû Zayd の所傳には、何等誤謬がないのである。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-15102-15163" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-15123-15159"><seg source="#source-15123-15126">二</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人は世界に誇負すべき悠遠なる文化を有せるに拘らず、彼等は古代から現時に至るまで、上下三千餘年に亙つて、繼續的に Cannibalism の蠻習をもつて居る。恐らく世界の中で支那人程、豐富な Cannibalism の史料を傳へて居る國民は他にあるまい。古代から支那人が食人肉の風習を有したことは、經史に歴然たる確證が存在して、毫も疑惑の餘地がない。『韓非子』の難言篇に據ると、殷の紂王は自分の不行跡を諫めた人々を罪し、翼侯を炙とし、鬼侯を<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-47" source="#source-15777-15824">腊</g><seg source="#source-15824-15896">とし、梅伯を醢にしたといふ。炙は人肉を炙ること、</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-47" source="#source-15896-15943">腊</g><seg source="#source-15943-15985">は人肉を乾すこと、醢は人肉を</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-15985-16059"><rb><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-86-26" source="#source-15985-16047">莝</g></rb><rt>きざ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-16059-16251">み、麹や鹽を雜へて酒漬にすることで、何れも人肉を食用に供することを前提とした調理法に過ぎぬ。紂王は又文王の子の伯邑考といふを烹て</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-16251-16272"><rb>羹</rb><rt>あつもの</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-16272-16350">となし、その羹を文王に食せしめたといふことで、西晉の</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-16350-16383"><rb>皇甫謐</rb><rt>クワウホヒツ</rt></ruby>の『帝王世紀』――『史記正義』の殷本紀の注に引く所に據る――に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-16481-16959" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-16516-16534">文王之長子曰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16534-16546">二</note><seg source="#source-16546-16555">伯邑考</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16555-16567">一</note><seg source="#source-16567-16573">。質</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16573-16585">二</note><seg source="#source-16585-16591">於殷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16591-16603">一</note><seg source="#source-16603-16609">。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16609-16621">二</note><seg source="#source-16621-16627">紂御</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16627-16639">一</note><seg source="#source-16639-16651">。紂烹爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16651-16663">レ</note><seg source="#source-16663-16669">羹賜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16669-16681">二</note><seg source="#source-16681-16687">文王</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16687-16699">一</note><seg source="#source-16699-16714">曰。聖人當</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16714-16726">レ</note><seg source="#source-16726-16729">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16729-16741">レ</note><seg source="#source-16741-16744">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16744-16756">二</note><seg source="#source-16756-16765">其子羹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16765-16777">一</note><seg source="#source-16777-16789">。文王食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16789-16801">レ</note><seg source="#source-16801-16819">之。紂曰誰謂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16819-16831">二</note><seg source="#source-16831-16843">西伯聖者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16843-16855">一</note><seg source="#source-16855-16861">。食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16861-16873">二</note><seg source="#source-16873-16882">其子羮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16882-16894">一</note><seg source="#source-16894-16900">尚不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-16900-16912">レ</note><seg source="#source-16912-16923">知也。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-16961-16984">と記してある。</seg></p>
        <p>『帝王世紀』や『韓非子』は、殷末を距ること遠い記録で、それらの記事は、その儘に信憑出來ぬとしても、春秋戰國時代に降ると、支那人間に食人肉の風習の行はれたことは、その當時の記録に明記されて居つて疑ふことが出來ぬ。第一春秋の霸者を代表する齊桓晉文、何れも人肉を食用した。齊の桓公が魯國に對して、その仇敵たる管仲の引渡しを要求した時の口上を、『左傳』の莊公九年の條に、「管仲讎也。請受而甘心焉」と記してある。『史記』の齊世家に同一事を、「請得而醢<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-17644-17656">レ</note>之」と記して居る。怨ある人若くは罪ある人の肉を醢にすることは、春秋戰國時代を通じて、支那では決して稀有でなかつた。例へば宋人が宋の閔公を弑した南宮萬や猛護を醢にしたことが、『左傳』莊公十二年の條に見えて居る。孔門の子路が衞國の内亂の際に、その反對黨の爲に殺されて肉を醢にせられ（『禮記註疏』卷六、檀弓上）、又齊の<g ref="#gaiji-4-2-78-93" source="#source-18124-18192">湣</g>王の軍が燕に侵入した時、燕の奸臣子之を醢にしたといふ（『史記集解』燕世家の註に引く所の『汲冢周書』）。人肉食用の風習の存在を承認せずには、人肉を醢にするといふ記事を了解することが六ヶ敷い。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">『韓非子』に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-18502-18683" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-18537-18546">桓公好</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18546-18558">レ</note><seg source="#source-18558-18573">味。易牙蒸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18573-18585">二</note><seg source="#source-18585-18594">其首子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18594-18606">一</note><seg source="#source-18606-18612">而進</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18612-18624">レ</note><seg source="#source-18624-18647">之（二柄篇）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-18685-18705">といひ、又、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-18705-19003" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-18740-18749">易牙爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18749-18761">レ</note><seg source="#source-18761-18767">君主</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18767-18779">レ</note><seg source="#source-18779-18794">味。君之所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18794-18806">レ</note><seg source="#source-18806-18809">未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18809-18821">二</note><seg source="#source-18821-18827">嘗食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18827-18839">一</note><seg source="#source-18839-18866">。唯人肉耳。易牙蒸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18866-18878">二</note><seg source="#source-18878-18887">其首子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18887-18899">一</note><seg source="#source-18899-18905">而進</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18905-18917">レ</note><seg source="#source-18917-18929">之。君所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-18929-18941">レ</note><seg source="#source-18941-18967">知也（十過篇）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-19005-19163">といふに據ると、桓公はその嬖臣易牙の調理した、子供の肉を食膳に上せて、舌鼓を打つたものと認めねばならぬ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">晉の文公は天下を周游した際、齊に往き桓公の女を娶つて、茲に一生を託せんとした。彼の舅にして從臣たる狐偃は之を憂ひ、彼に酒を勸め、その沈醉中に齊を引き拂つた。酒覺めて後ち、此の處置に不滿を懷いた文公は狐偃を罵つて、「吾食<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-19493-19505">二</note><seg source="#source-19505-19517">舅氏之肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-19517-19529">一</note><seg source="#source-19529-19535">其知</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-19535-19547">レ</note>厭乎」（『國語』晉語四）といひ、之れと對して狐偃は、「偃之肉腥<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-53" source="#source-19640-19699">臊</g><seg source="#source-19699-19711">。將焉用</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-19711-19723">レ</note>之」（同上）と申して居る。この問答の裡にも、髣髴として當時食人肉の風習の存在せしことを肯定せしむるではないか。しかのみならず文公はその周游中、食盡きた時に、從臣の一人なる介子推の股肉を食して飢を凌いだことが、『莊子』の盜跖篇に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-20067-20239" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-20102-20129">介子推至忠也。自割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-20129-20141">二</note><seg source="#source-20141-20147">其股</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-20147-20159">一</note><seg source="#source-20159-20168">。以食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-20168-20180">二</note><seg source="#source-20180-20186">文公</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-20186-20198">一</note><seg source="#source-20198-20203">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-20241-20264">と記してある。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">晉の文公の子襄公の時、晉が秦と兵を交へた。秦軍大敗してその大將の百里奚孟明視等が捕虜となつた。秦の方では襄公にこの孟明視等の引渡しを願つて、自分の手で嚴重な處分を加へたい希望を申出た。『左傳』の僖公三十三年の條に、その事實を「寡君若得而食<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-20624-20636">レ</note><seg source="#source-20636-20642">之不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-20642-20654">レ</note>厭」と記してある。秦の君（穆公）が、孟明視等の肉を食うても、飽き足らぬ程怒つて居るといふ意味である。又楚の莊王の時、楚が晉に會戰することの可否に就いて、楚の令尹たる孫叔敖と、莊王の嬖臣の伍參と、意見を異にして爭論せし有樣を、『左傳』の宣公十二年の條に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-21034-21383" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-21069-21084">嬖人伍參欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21084-21096">レ</note><seg source="#source-21096-21120">戰。令尹孫叔敖弗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21120-21132">レ</note><seg source="#source-21132-21159">欲。曰。……戰而不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21159-21171">レ</note><seg source="#source-21171-21192">捷。參之肉其足</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21192-21204">レ</note><seg source="#source-21204-21231">食乎。參曰。……不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21231-21243">レ</note><seg source="#source-21243-21261">捷。參之肉將</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21261-21273">レ</note><seg source="#source-21273-21276">在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21276-21288">二</note><seg source="#source-21288-21294">晉軍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21294-21306">一</note><seg source="#source-21306-21309">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21309-21321">レ</note><seg source="#source-21321-21324">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21324-21336">レ</note><seg source="#source-21336-21347">食乎。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と記載してある。『戰國策』の中山策の條を見ると、中山の君がその臣下に外國に内通する噂ある者に對して、吾食<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21541-21553">二</note><seg source="#source-21553-21559">其肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21559-21571">一</note><seg source="#source-21571-21577">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21577-21589">二</note><seg source="#source-21589-21595">以分</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-21595-21610">一レ</note>人と申して居る。此の如き不忠なる者には殺戮を加へ、その肉は自分一人にて飽食するといふことで、惡むこと甚しき意味を述べたものであらう。齊人魯仲連が邯鄲城内で、趙をして秦を尊んで帝を稱せしむべく運動中の、梁の將軍新垣衍に面會して、その運動の不可なる所以を説き、「吾將<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-22003-22015">レ</note><seg source="#source-22015-22018">使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-22018-22030">三</note><seg source="#source-22030-22042">秦王。烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-22042-22054">二</note><seg source="#source-22054-22063">醢梁王</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-22063-22075">一</note>」と申して居る（『史記』卷八十三、魯仲連傳）。秦の帝となり天下を統一した曉には、趙や梁（魏）の國王の生殺の權は、秦王の掌握に歸すといふ意味である。此等の記事を以て、當時の支那人が人肉を食用した、直接の證據に供することは、或は多少早計かも知れぬ。併し此の如き食<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-22462-22474">レ</note><seg source="#source-22474-22486">肉とか醢</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-22486-22498">レ</note><seg source="#source-22498-22809">肉とかいふ言顯法の慣用さるることは、その根柢に、人肉食用の事實の存在を前提とせねば、理會し難いと思ふ。かかる文句の疊見することは、やがて古代の支那人間に、Cannibalism の行はれた、間接の證據に供して差支あるまい。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">東周の定王の十三年（西暦前五九四）に、楚の莊王が宋を圍んだ。宋軍は糧食空乏して、遂に和を願ひ出でたが、『左傳』にその事を記して、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-23006-23160" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-23041-23050">敝邑易</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23050-23062">レ</note><seg source="#source-23062-23077">子而食。析</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23077-23089">レ</note><seg source="#source-23089-23124">骸而爨（宣公十五年）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といひ、『列子』の説符篇に同一事を記して、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-23227-23444" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-23262-23268">楚攻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23268-23280">レ</note><seg source="#source-23280-23286">宋圍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23286-23298">二</note><seg source="#source-23298-23304">其城</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23304-23316">一</note><seg source="#source-23316-23325">。民易</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23325-23337">レ</note><seg source="#source-23337-23346">子而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23346-23358">レ</note><seg source="#source-23358-23367">之。析</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23367-23379">レ</note><seg source="#source-23379-23388">骸而炊</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23388-23400">レ</note><seg source="#source-23400-23408">之。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といふ。『戰國策』の齊策に、齊の田單が聊城に燕軍を攻圍した時の有様を記して、食<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23563-23575">レ</note><seg source="#source-23575-23581">人炊</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-23581-23593">レ</note><seg source="#source-23593-24132">骨とある。秦漢以後の記録にも、よく此等と同一、若くは類似の文句が見當る。此等の文句は何れも城守困乏の甚しき状況を形容したものとも解し得るけれども、後世飢饉の際に、支那人は彼此その子を易へて食に充てた實例に照らすと、又籠城久しきに亙る場合、支那人はよく人肉を糧食に供した實例に照らすと、此等の文句は、單なる形容以上に、幾分の事實を傳へたものと斷ぜねばなるまい。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">『莊子』の盜跖篇に據ると、孔子が大泥棒の盜跖を説諭に出掛けた時、盜跖は人肉を肴に晝食を取りながら、孔子を恫喝して、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-24308-24507" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-24343-24358">疾走歸。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24358-24370">レ</note><seg source="#source-24370-24382">然。我將</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24382-24394">下</note><seg source="#source-24394-24397">以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24397-24409">二</note><seg source="#source-24409-24415">子肝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24415-24427">一</note><seg source="#source-24427-24430">益</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24430-24442">中</note><seg source="#source-24442-24454">晝餔之膳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24454-24466">上</note><seg source="#source-24466-24471">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>というた。『莊子』には寓言が多いから、孔子と盜跖の問答などは、勿論その儘に事實と受取ることが出來ぬけれども、盜跖篇の作者が、此の如き文句を使用して居る點が、Cannibalism の研究者にとつて、一顧の價あると思ふ。荀子が陵墓發掘のことを論じて、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-24859-25310" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-24894-24897">雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24897-24909">二</note><seg source="#source-24909-24912">此</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-32" source="#source-24912-24968">倮</g><seg source="#source-24968-24974">而埋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-24974-24989">一レ</note><seg source="#source-24989-25004">之。猶且必</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-6287-163-7" source="#source-25004-25054">抇</g><seg source="#source-25054-25066">也。安得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25066-25078">二</note><seg source="#source-25078-25084">葬埋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25084-25096">一</note><seg source="#source-25096-25111">也。彼乃將</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25111-25123">下</note><seg source="#source-25123-25126">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25126-25138">二</note><seg source="#source-25138-25144">其肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25144-25156">一</note><seg source="#source-25156-25162">。而</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-94-76" source="#source-25162-25209">齕</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25209-25221">中</note><seg source="#source-25221-25227">其骨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25227-25239">上</note>也（『荀子』正論篇）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といへるは、假定の推理で、當面の事實を述べたものではないが、併し彼が澆季の時勢を憤慨して、「故脯<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25456-25468">二</note><seg source="#source-25468-25474">巨人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25474-25486">一</note><seg source="#source-25486-25492">而炙</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25492-25504">二</note><seg source="#source-25504-25510">嬰兒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25510-25522">一</note>矣」（正論篇）と述べたる所は、彼が見聞した事實と認むべきであらう。『戰國策』の中山策に、魏の樂羊が中山を圍んだ時、中山の人はその城中に居つた樂羊の子を烹て羮を作り、之を樂羊に贈つたことを記して、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-25815-26119" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-25850-25859">樂羊爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25859-25871">二</note><seg source="#source-25871-25877">魏將</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25877-25889">一</note><seg source="#source-25889-25892">攻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25892-25904">二</note><seg source="#source-25904-25910">中山</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25910-25922">一</note><seg source="#source-25922-25937">。其子時在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25937-25949">二</note><seg source="#source-25949-25955">中山</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25955-25967">一</note><seg source="#source-25967-25982">。中山君烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-25982-25994">レ</note><seg source="#source-25994-26000">之作</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-26000-26012">レ</note><seg source="#source-26012-26018">羮致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-26018-26030">二</note><seg source="#source-26030-26039">於樂羊</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-26039-26051">一</note><seg source="#source-26051-26063">。樂羊食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-26063-26075">レ</note><seg source="#source-26075-26083">之。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といひ、ほぼ同一の記事が『韓非子』（説林上篇）にも見えて居るのは、明かに人肉食用の事實である。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-26264-26512">若し仔細に先秦の經傳諸子を點檢したならば、更に幾多の材料を提供し得るであらうが、上來の憑據だけでも、十分に支那古代に於ける Cannibalism の存在を證明するに足ると思ふ。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-26512-26573" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-26533-26569"><seg source="#source-26533-26536">三</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">秦漢以後も歴代の正史記録に、Cannibalism の事實が疊出して居つて、支那人の人肉を食用するのは、決して一時の偶發でなく、寧ろその傳統的慣習なることを發見することが出來る。『史記』の項羽本紀を見ると、漢楚交戰時代に、楚の項羽は漢の高祖の父太公を擒として、之を俎上に置いて高祖を威嚇した。高祖は之に對して「幸分<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-27023-27035">二</note><seg source="#source-27035-27041">我一</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-14-71" source="#source-27041-27088">桮</g><seg source="#source-27088-27091">羮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-27091-27103">一</note>」と對へて居る。高祖は又彭越を誅戮し、その肉を醢にして、<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-84-34" source="#source-27187-27288">徧</g>く諸侯に賜うた（『史記』卷九十一、黥布傳）。この應對、この處分は、何れも食人肉の風習と關係あるものであるまいか。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那には古來飢饉が多い。飢饉の場合には一般に人肉食用が行はれる。試に『前漢書』『後漢書』に據つて、兩漢時代に於ける實例を示すと下の如くである。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-27678-31106" style="padding-inline-start: 3em; text-indent: -1em">
        <p>年代　「記事」（出典）</p>
        <p>｛高祖二年（西暦前二〇五）？｝　「漢興接<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-27838-27850">二</note><seg source="#source-27850-27859">秦之敝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-27859-27871">一</note><seg source="#source-27871-27895">。諸侯竝起。民失</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-27895-27907">二</note><seg source="#source-27907-27913">作業</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-27913-27925">一</note><seg source="#source-27925-28000">。而大飢饉。凡米石五千。人相食。死者過半。高祖乃令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28000-28012">丁</note><seg source="#source-28012-28018">民得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28018-28030">丙</note><seg source="#source-28030-28033">賣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28033-28045">レ</note><seg source="#source-28045-28054">子。就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28054-28066">乙</note><seg source="#source-28066-28075">食蜀漢</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28075-28087">甲</note>。」（『前漢書』食貨志）</p>
        <p>高祖二年（前二〇五）六月　「｛關中大飢。米斛萬錢。人相食。令<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28215-28227">下</note><seg source="#source-28227-28233">民就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28233-28245">中</note><seg source="#source-28245-28254">食蜀漢</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28254-28266">上</note>。｝」（『前漢書』高祖本紀）</p>
        <p>武帝建元三年（前一三八）春　「河水溢<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28364-28376">二</note><seg source="#source-28376-28385">于平原</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28385-28397">一</note>。大飢。人相食。」（『前漢書』武帝本紀）</p>
        <p>武帝｛建元六年（前一三五）？｝　「河南貧人傷<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28525-28537">二</note><seg source="#source-28537-28543">水旱</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28543-28555">一</note>。萬餘家。或父子相食。」（｛『資治通鑑』建元六年條｝）</p>
        <p>武帝｛鼎元三年（前一一四）四月｝　「關東郡國十餘飢。人相食。」（『前漢書』武帝本紀）</p>
        <p>元帝初元元年（前四八）九月　「關東郡國十一。大水。飢。或人相食。轉<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28865-28877">二</note><seg source="#source-28877-28889">旁郡錢穀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-28889-28901">一</note>。以相救。」（『前漢書』元帝本紀）</p>
        <p>元帝初元二年（前四七）六月　「齊地飢。穀石三百（？）餘。民多餓死。琅邪郡人相食。」（『前漢書』食貨志）</p>
        <p>成帝永始二年（前一五）　「梁國平原郡。比年傷<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-29175-29187">二</note><seg source="#source-29187-29193">水災</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-29193-29205">一</note>。人相食。」（同右）</p>
        <p>王莽天鳳元年（一四）　「縁邊大饑。人相食。」（『前漢書』王莽傳）</p>
        <p>王莽地皇三年（二二）二月　「關東人相食。」（同右）</p>
        <p>｛王莽時｝　「｛北邊及青徐地。人相食。<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-65" source="#source-29469-29516">雒</g>陽以東米石二千。｝」（『前漢書』食貨志）</p>
        <p>｛光武帝建武元年（二五）？｝　「民饑餓相食。死者數十萬。長安爲<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-29671-29683">レ</note><seg source="#source-29683-29698">虚。城中無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-29698-29710">二</note><seg source="#source-29710-29716">人行</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-29716-29728">一</note>。」（『前漢書』王莽傳）</p>
        <p>光武帝建武二年（二六）　「三輔大饑。人相食。城郭皆空。白骨蔽<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-29856-29868">レ</note>野。」（｛『資治通鑑』建武二年條｝）</p>
        <p>安帝永初二年（一〇八）正月　「時州郡大饑。米石二千。人相食。老弱相<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30023-30035">二</note><seg source="#source-30035-30044">棄道路</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30044-30056">一</note>。」（『後漢書』安帝本紀註）</p>
        <p>同三年（一〇九）三月　「京師大饑。民相食。……詔曰。朕……至<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30190-30202">レ</note><seg source="#source-30202-30205">令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30205-30217">下</note><seg source="#source-30217-30238">百姓饑荒。更相</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-30238-30285">噉</g><seg source="#source-30285-30288">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30288-30300">上</note><seg source="#source-30300-30309">。永懷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30309-30321">二</note><seg source="#source-30321-30327">悼歎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30327-30339">一</note>。」（『後漢書』安帝本紀）</p>
        <p>同三年（一〇九）十二月　「并涼二州大饑。人相食。」（同右）</p>
        <p>桓帝元嘉元年（一五一）四月　「任城梁國饑。民相食。」（『後漢書』桓帝本紀）</p>
        <p>桓帝永壽元年（一五五）二月　「司隷冀州饑。人相食。」（同右）</p>
        <p>靈帝建寧三年（一七〇）正月　「河内人婦食<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30734-30746">レ</note><seg source="#source-30746-30767">夫。河南人夫食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-30767-30779">レ</note>婦。」（『後漢書』靈帝本紀）</p>
        <p>獻帝興平元年（一九四）　「是歳穀一斛五十萬。豆麥一斛二十萬。人相食啖。白骨委積。」（『後漢書』獻帝本紀）</p>
        <p>獻帝建安二年（一九七）　「是歳饑。江淮間民相食。」（同右）</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">就中王莽の末年天下騷擾の際に、Cannibalism が尤も廣い範圍に行はれた。『後漢書』卷六十九あたりの列傳を一瞥しても、容易に當時の光景を想像することが出來る。三國兩晉以來隋唐時代にかけても、支那人の Cannibalism の證據は澤山見える。一々の歴擧は餘りに煩雜なるを恐れて見合せ、その泰甚なる實例四五だけを紹介したい。東晉の末に孫恩といふ海賊があつて、東南沿海地方を暴掠し<g ref="#gaiji-4-2-12-11" source="#source-31639-31686">𢌞</g>つた。彼は各地方の縣令を擒にすると、その肉を醢にして縣令の妻子に食はしめ、躊躇する者は支解した――「醢<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31839-31851">二</note><seg source="#source-31851-31860">諸縣令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31860-31872">一</note><seg source="#source-31872-31881">。以食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31881-31893">二</note><seg source="#source-31893-31902">其妻子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31902-31914">一</note><seg source="#source-31914-31920">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31920-31932">二</note><seg source="#source-31932-31938">肯食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31938-31950">一</note><seg source="#source-31950-31962">者。輙支</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31962-31974">二</note><seg source="#source-31974-31980">解之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-31980-31992">一</note>。」（『資治通鑑』晉紀三十、隆安三年の條）――といふ。慘酷至極の話ではないか。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">君に反き上に逆ふ不忠の輩は、之を殺戮してその肉を食ひ、若くは官民をしてその肉を食はしむることは、支那の古代から實行されて居つて、決して珍らしい事實でない。隋の煬帝が叛臣の斛斯政を捕へて之を誅戮し、その肉を烹て、百官をして之を食せしめた。百官の或る者は、成るべく多量にその肉を飽食して、煬帝の歡心を買つたといふ（『資治通鑑』隋紀六、大業十年の條）。やや事情を異にするが、宋の文帝を弑して、一時帝位を簒つた劉劭の羽翼となつた張超之は、やがて失敗すると、將校士卒の爲に殺害せられ、且つ彼等の餌食となつた。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-32863-33247" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-32898-32922">｛張超之｝……爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-32922-32934">二</note><seg source="#source-32934-32943">亂兵所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-32943-32958">一レ</note><seg source="#source-32958-32967">殺。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-32967-32979">レ</note><seg source="#source-32979-32985">腸胯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-32985-32997">レ</note><seg source="#source-32997-33006">心。臠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33006-33018">二</note><seg source="#source-33018-33027">剖其肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33027-33039">一</note><seg source="#source-33039-33051">。諸將生</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33051-33063">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-33063-33110">噉</g><seg source="#source-33110-33113">之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33113-33125">一</note><seg source="#source-33125-33131">。焚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33131-33143">二</note><seg source="#source-33143-33152">其頭骨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33152-33164">一</note>（『宋書』卷九十九、二凶傳）。</p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-33249-33287">これが當時の記載である。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">『資治通鑑』貞觀十七年（西暦六四三）の條に、太宗がその猛將丘行恭が逆臣の心肝を食したことを責めて、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-33439-34046" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><g ref="#gaiji-U-9120-166-15" source="#source-33474-33540">鄠</g><seg source="#source-33540-33558">尉游文芝。告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33558-33570">二</note><seg source="#source-33570-33597">代州都督劉蘭成謀反</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33597-33609">一</note><seg source="#source-33609-33627">。……蘭成坐</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33627-33639">二</note><seg source="#source-33639-33645">腰斬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33645-33657">一</note><seg source="#source-33657-33690">。右武侯將軍丘行恭。探</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33690-33702">二</note><seg source="#source-33702-33714">蘭成心肝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33714-33726">一</note><seg source="#source-33726-33729">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33729-33741">レ</note><seg source="#source-33741-33759">之。上聞而讓</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33759-33771">レ</note><seg source="#source-33771-33801">之曰。蘭成謀反。國有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33801-33813">二</note><seg source="#source-33813-33819">常刑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33819-33831">一</note><seg source="#source-33831-33840">。何至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33840-33852">レ</note><seg source="#source-33852-33855">如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33855-33867">レ</note><seg source="#source-33867-33882">此。若以爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33882-33894">二</note><seg source="#source-33894-33900">忠孝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33900-33912">一</note><seg source="#source-33912-33939">。則太子諸王。先食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33939-33951">レ</note><seg source="#source-33951-33966">之矣。豈至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-33966-33978">レ</note><seg source="#source-33978-34010">卿邪。行恭慙而拜謝。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-34048-34240">とある。太宗の見識は流石であるが、唐一代を見渡すと、依然としてこの野蠻な私刑（？）が、實行され又は默許された。玄宗時代の宦官揚思</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-70" source="#source-34240-34299">勖</g>が、賊臣に内通した官吏を處分した時の状況が、『舊唐書』に「探<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-34389-34401">二</note><seg source="#source-34401-34410">取其心</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-34410-34422">一</note><seg source="#source-34422-34428">。截</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-34428-34440">二</note><seg source="#source-34440-34449">去手足</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-34449-34461">一</note><seg source="#source-34461-34467">。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-34467-34479">レ</note><seg source="#source-34479-34488">肉而啖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-34488-34500">レ</note>之」（卷百八十四、宦官傳）と記されてある。徳宗時代の大將李懷光は、その養子の石演芬が、己に反對するのを怒つて、その左右に命じて之を臠食せしめんとした（『資治通鑑』唐紀四十六、興元元年の條、『舊唐書』卷百八十七、下、忠義傳）。されば Solayman の傳ふる所（<g ref="#gaiji-1-13-21" source="#source-34873-34911">Ⅰ</g><seg source="#source-34911-35192">）は悉く事實と認めねばならぬ。隋唐時代の支那人は反逆者を殺して、その肉を食したことも事實であれば、彼等は病死の者を除き、杖殺された又は斬殺された者の肉を、平氣で食用したことも事實である。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人の Cannibalism の實例を擧ぐる場合に、決して隋末唐初に出た朱粲のことを逸してはならぬ。彼は劇賊の首領で、二十萬の部下を率ゐて中原を横行し、到る所で居人を掠奪殺戮して粮食に充てた。『舊唐書』にこの事實を次の如く記述してある。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-35531-36337" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-35566-35584">｛朱粲｝軍中</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-84-70" source="#source-35584-35658">罄</g><seg source="#source-35658-35667">竭。無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35667-35679">レ</note><seg source="#source-35679-35682">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35682-35694">二</note><seg source="#source-35694-35700">虜掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35700-35712">一</note><seg source="#source-35712-35721">。乃取</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35721-35733">二</note><seg source="#source-35733-35739">嬰兒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35739-35751">一</note><seg source="#source-35751-35757">蒸而</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-35757-35804">噉</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35804-35816">レ</note><seg source="#source-35816-35828">之。因令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35828-35840">二</note><seg source="#source-35840-35846">軍士</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35846-35858">一</note><seg source="#source-35858-35885">曰。食之美者。寧過</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35885-35897">二</note><seg source="#source-35897-35906">於人肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35906-35918">一</note><seg source="#source-35918-35930">乎。但令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35930-35942">二</note><seg source="#source-35942-35951">他國有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35951-35966">一レ</note><seg source="#source-35966-35981">人。我何所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-35981-35993">レ</note><seg source="#source-35993-36005">慮。即勒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36005-36017">二</note><seg source="#source-36017-36023">所部</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36023-36035">一</note><seg source="#source-36035-36041">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36041-36053">二</note><seg source="#source-36053-36071">略得婦人小兒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36071-36083">一</note><seg source="#source-36083-36092">。皆烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36092-36104">レ</note><seg source="#source-36104-36113">之分給</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36113-36125">二</note><seg source="#source-36125-36131">軍士</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36131-36143">一</note><seg source="#source-36143-36152">。乃税</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36152-36164">二</note><seg source="#source-36164-36173">諸城堡</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36173-36185">一</note><seg source="#source-36185-36191">。取</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36191-36203">二</note><seg source="#source-36203-36215">小弱男女</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36215-36227">一</note><seg source="#source-36227-36236">。以益</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36236-36248">二</note><seg source="#source-36248-36254">兵粮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36254-36266">一</note><seg source="#source-36266-36301">（卷五十六、朱粲傳）。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-36339-36516">有名なる顏之推の子の顏愍楚は、朱粲の軍に囚はれてその幕僚となつたが、後に軍中食に乏しくなると、彼の一家を擧げて朱粲に</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-36516-36563">噉</g>ひ盡されたといふ。彼は人から人肉の滋味を聞かれた時、「若<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-36647-36694">噉</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36694-36706">二</note><seg source="#source-36706-36709">嗜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36709-36721">レ</note><seg source="#source-36721-36730">酒之人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36730-36742">一</note><seg source="#source-36742-36751">。正似</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36751-36763">二</note><seg source="#source-36763-36775">糟藏猪肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-36775-36787">一</note>」と答へて居る。誠に驚くべき食人鬼ではないか。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-36860-36921" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-36881-36917"><seg source="#source-36881-36884">四</seg></head>
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      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">古來支那で革命の起る際には、國内の秩序が立たず、又擾亂の爲に農耕が廢して、穀物が缺乏するから、自然人肉の食用が盛に行はるるのが一の慣例となつて居る。既に東漢の王充が、「敗亂之時。人相啖食」（『論衡』卷二十、論死篇）と公言した程である。就中唐の末期に、この蠻風が前代の慣例以上に甚しく流行した。この事實が當時支那に往來した、マホメット教徒の見聞に觸るるのは、當然と申さねばならぬ。今試に『資治通鑑』に據つて、Abû Zayd の時代に當該する、四十年間に起つた食人肉に關する記事を左に開列する。勿論こは『資治通鑑』一書に見えた記事のみで、他の公私の記録を廣く渉獵したものでないから、必しも當時に於ける人肉食用の事實を、悉く網羅したものでないことを、特に附記して置く。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-37913-43700" style="padding-inline-start: 3em; text-indent: -1em">
        <p>年代　「記事」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-38001-38046"><seg source="#source-38001-38010">（１）</seg></hi>唐僖宗中和二年（八八二）四月　「長安城中。斗米直三十緡。賊賣<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38136-38148">二</note><seg source="#source-38148-38172">（買？）人於官軍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38172-38184">一</note><seg source="#source-38184-38190">以爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38190-38202">レ</note><seg source="#source-38202-38220">糧。官軍或執</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38220-38232">二</note><seg source="#source-38232-38244">山寨之民</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38244-38256">一</note><seg source="#source-38256-38268">（良民避</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38268-38280">レ</note><seg source="#source-38280-38286">亂入</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38286-38298">レ</note><seg source="#source-38298-38304">山築</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38304-38316">レ</note><seg source="#source-38316-38334">柵自保者）鬻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38334-38346">レ</note><seg source="#source-38346-38373">之。人直數百緡。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38373-38385">二</note><seg source="#source-38385-38391">肥瘠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38391-38403">一</note><seg source="#source-38403-38406">論</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38406-38418">レ</note>價。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-38429-38474"><seg source="#source-38429-38438">（２）</seg></hi>僖宗中和三年（八八三）六月　「時民間無<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38531-38543">二</note><seg source="#source-38543-38549">積聚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38549-38561">一</note><seg source="#source-38561-38582">。｛黄巣｝賊掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38582-38594">レ</note><seg source="#source-38594-38600">人爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38600-38612">レ</note><seg source="#source-38612-38624">糧。生投</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38624-38636">二</note><seg source="#source-38636-38645">於碓磑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38645-38657">一</note><seg source="#source-38657-38663">。併</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38663-38675">レ</note><seg source="#source-38675-38681">骨食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38681-38693">レ</note><seg source="#source-38693-38702">之。號</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38702-38714">二</note><seg source="#source-38714-38726">給糧之處</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38726-38738">一</note><seg source="#source-38738-38744">。曰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38744-38756">二</note><seg source="#source-38756-38765">舂磨寨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38765-38777">一</note>。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-38785-38830"><seg source="#source-38785-38794">（３）</seg></hi>僖宗光啓三年（八八七）六月　「｛揚州｝城中乏<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38896-38908">レ</note><seg source="#source-38908-38944">食。樵採路絶。宣州軍始食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-38944-38956">レ</note>人。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-38967-39012"><seg source="#source-38967-38976">（４）</seg></hi>同年九月　「高駢在<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39039-39051">二</note><seg source="#source-39051-39075">｛揚州城内｝道院</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39075-39087">一</note><seg source="#source-39087-39120">。秦彦供給甚薄。左右無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39120-39132">レ</note><seg source="#source-39132-39141">食。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39141-39153">下</note><seg source="#source-39153-39156">然</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39156-39168">二</note><seg source="#source-39168-39174">木像</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39174-39186">一</note><seg source="#source-39186-39192">。煮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39192-39204">二</note><seg source="#source-39204-39210">束帶</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39210-39222">一</note><seg source="#source-39222-39225">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39225-39237">レ</note><seg source="#source-39237-39246">之。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39246-39258">中</note><seg source="#source-39258-39267">相啗者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39267-39279">上</note>。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-39287-39332"><seg source="#source-39287-39296">（５）</seg></hi>同年十月　「楊行密圍<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39362-39374">二</note><seg source="#source-39374-39392">廣陵（揚州）</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39392-39404">一</note><seg source="#source-39404-39410">。且</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39410-39422">二</note><seg source="#source-39422-39428">半年</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39428-39440">一</note><seg source="#source-39440-39452">。城中無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39452-39464">レ</note><seg source="#source-39464-39518">食。米斗直錢五十緡。草根木實皆盡。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39518-39530">二</note><seg source="#source-39530-39536">菫泥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39536-39548">一</note><seg source="#source-39548-39551">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39551-39563">レ</note><seg source="#source-39563-39566">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39566-39578">レ</note><seg source="#source-39578-39620">之。餓死者大半。宣｛州｝軍掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39620-39632">レ</note><seg source="#source-39632-39641">人。詣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39641-39653">レ</note><seg source="#source-39653-39659">肆賣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39659-39671">レ</note><seg source="#source-39671-39695">之。驅縛屠割。如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39695-39707">二</note><seg source="#source-39707-39713">羊豕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39713-39725">一</note><seg source="#source-39725-39734">。訖無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39734-39746">二</note><seg source="#source-39746-39752">一聲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39752-39764">一</note><seg source="#source-39764-39785">。積骸流血。滿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39785-39797">二</note><seg source="#source-39797-39806">於坊市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39806-39818">一</note>。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-39826-39871"><seg source="#source-39826-39835">（６）</seg></hi>僖宗文徳元年（八八八）二月　「｛李｝罕之。所部。不<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39946-39958">二</note><seg source="#source-39958-39964">耕稼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39964-39976">一</note><seg source="#source-39976-39985">。專以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-39985-39997">二</note><seg source="#source-39997-40003">剽掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40003-40015">一</note><seg source="#source-40015-40018">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40018-40030">レ</note><seg source="#source-40030-40039">貨。啗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40039-40051">レ</note><seg source="#source-40051-40057">人爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40057-40069">レ</note>糧。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-40080-40125"><seg source="#source-40080-40089">（７）</seg></hi>昭宗龍紀元年（八八九）六月　「楊行密圍<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40182-40194">二</note><seg source="#source-40194-40200">宣州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40200-40212">一</note>。城中食盡。人相啗。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-40247-40292"><seg source="#source-40247-40256">（８）</seg></hi>昭宗大順二年（八九一）四月　「｛王｝建陰令<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40355-40367">下</note><seg source="#source-40367-40394">東川將唐友通等。擒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40394-40406">二</note><seg source="#source-40406-40445">｛韋｝昭度親吏駱保於行府門</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40445-40457">一</note><seg source="#source-40457-40463">。臠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40463-40475">中</note><seg source="#source-40475-40481">食之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40481-40493">上</note>。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-40501-40546"><seg source="#source-40501-40510">（９）</seg></hi>）同年七月　「｛孫儒｝悉焚<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40585-40597">二</note><seg source="#source-40597-40609">揚州廬舍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40609-40621">一</note><seg source="#source-40621-40630">。盡驅</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40630-40642">二</note><seg source="#source-40642-40657">丁壯及婦女</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40657-40669">一</note><seg source="#source-40669-40672">度</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40672-40684">レ</note><seg source="#source-40684-40693">江。殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40693-40705">二</note><seg source="#source-40705-40711">老弱</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40711-40723">一</note><seg source="#source-40723-40729">以充</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40729-40741">レ</note>食。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-40752-40795"><seg source="#source-40752-40760">（10）</seg></hi>昭宗景福二年（八九三）二月　「｛李｝克用逆<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40858-40870">二</note><seg source="#source-40870-40885">｛王鎔軍｝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40885-40897">一</note><seg source="#source-40897-40903">。戰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40903-40915">二</note><seg source="#source-40915-40930">於叱日嶺下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40930-40942">一</note><seg source="#source-40942-40951">。大破</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40951-40963">レ</note><seg source="#source-40963-40999">之。斬首萬餘級。河東軍無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-40999-41011">レ</note><seg source="#source-41011-41020">食。脯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41020-41032">二</note><seg source="#source-41032-41038">其尸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41038-41050">一</note><seg source="#source-41050-41056">而啗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41056-41068">レ</note>之。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-41079-41122"><seg source="#source-41079-41087">（11）</seg></hi>）昭宗乾寧元年（八九四）五月　「王建攻<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41179-41191">二</note><seg source="#source-41191-41197">彭州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41197-41209">一</note>。城中人相食。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-41235-41278"><seg source="#source-41235-41243">（12）</seg></hi>昭宗天復二年（九〇二）十一月　「是冬大雪。｛鳳翔｝城中食盡。凍餒死者。不<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41386-41398">レ</note><seg source="#source-41398-41401">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41401-41413">レ</note><seg source="#source-41413-41416">勝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41416-41428">レ</note><seg source="#source-41428-41443">計。或臥未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41443-41455">レ</note><seg source="#source-41455-41467">死。已爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41467-41479">二</note><seg source="#source-41479-41485">人所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41485-41500">一レ</note><g ref="#gaiji-U-518E-169-16" source="#source-41500-41545">冎</g><seg source="#source-41545-41557">。市中賣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41557-41569">二</note><seg source="#source-41569-41575">人肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41575-41587">一</note><seg source="#source-41587-41641">。斤直錢百。犬肉直五百。｛李｝茂貞儲</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-506B-169-17" source="#source-41641-41695">偫</g><seg source="#source-41695-41707">亦竭。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41707-41719">二</note><seg source="#source-41719-41722">犬</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-84-28" source="#source-41722-41799">彘</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41799-41811">一</note><seg source="#source-41811-41814">供</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41814-41826">二</note><seg source="#source-41826-41832">御膳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41832-41844">一</note><seg source="#source-41844-41853">。上鬻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41853-41865">二</note><seg source="#source-41865-41892">御衣及小皇子衣於市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41892-41904">一</note><seg source="#source-41904-41913">。以充</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-41913-41925">レ</note>用。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-41936-41979"><seg source="#source-41936-41944">（13）</seg></hi>昭宜帝天祐三年（九〇六）九月　「<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-52" source="#source-42027-42083">汴</g><seg source="#source-42083-42089">軍築</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42089-42101">レ</note><seg source="#source-42101-42107">壘圍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42107-42119">二</note><seg source="#source-42119-42125">滄州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42125-42137">一</note><seg source="#source-42137-42164">。……城中食盡。丸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42164-42176">レ</note>土而食。或互相掠啖。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-42211-42254"><seg source="#source-42211-42219">（14）</seg></hi>後梁太祖開平三年（九〇九）十二月　「劉守光圍<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42320-42332">二</note><seg source="#source-42332-42338">滄州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42338-42350">一</note><seg source="#source-42350-42380">。……城中食盡。民食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42380-42392">二</note><seg source="#source-42392-42398">菫泥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42398-42410">一</note><seg source="#source-42410-42422">。軍士食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42422-42434">レ</note><seg source="#source-42434-42449">人。……呂</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-50" source="#source-42449-42496">兗</g><seg source="#source-42496-42499">選</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42499-42511">二</note><seg source="#source-42511-42526">男女羸弱者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42526-42538">一</note><seg source="#source-42538-42547">。飼以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42547-42559">二</note><seg source="#source-42559-42565">麹麪</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42565-42577">一</note><seg source="#source-42577-42583">而烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42583-42595">レ</note><seg source="#source-42595-42607">之。以給</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42607-42619">二</note><seg source="#source-42619-42625">軍食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42625-42637">一</note><seg source="#source-42637-42643">。謂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42643-42655">二</note><seg source="#source-42655-42667">之宰殺務</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42667-42679">一</note>。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-42687-42730"><seg source="#source-42687-42695">（15）</seg></hi>太祖乾化元年（九一一）八月　「｛劉｝守光怒<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42793-42805">二</note><seg source="#source-42805-42820">｛孫鶴之諫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42820-42835">一レ</note><seg source="#source-42835-42847">己｝。伏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42847-42859">二</note><seg source="#source-42859-42868">諸質上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42868-42880">一</note><seg source="#source-42880-42886">。令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42886-42898">二</note><seg source="#source-42898-42904">軍士</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-518E-170-3" source="#source-42904-42948">冎</g><seg source="#source-42948-42951">而</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-42951-42998">噉</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-42998-43013">一レ</note>之。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-43024-43067"><seg source="#source-43024-43032">（16）</seg></hi>末帝貞明二年（九一六）九月　「晉人圍<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43121-43133">二</note><seg source="#source-43133-43139">貝州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43139-43151">一</note><seg source="#source-43151-43154">踰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43154-43166">レ</note><seg source="#source-43166-43193">年。……城中食盡。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-43193-43240">噉</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43240-43252">レ</note><seg source="#source-43252-43258">人爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43258-43270">レ</note>糧。」</p>
        <p><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-43281-43324"><seg source="#source-43281-43289">（17）</seg></hi>末帝龍徳二年（九二二）九月　「鎭州食竭力盡。……｛晉軍入<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43408-43420">レ</note><seg source="#source-43420-43429">城｝執</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43429-43441">二</note><seg source="#source-43441-43492">｛張｝處瑾兄弟家人。及其黨高濛、李</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-84-93" source="#source-43492-43563">翥</g><seg source="#source-43563-43572">、齊儉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43572-43584">一</note><seg source="#source-43584-43590">。送</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43590-43602">二</note><seg source="#source-43602-43608">行臺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43608-43620">一</note><seg source="#source-43620-43641">。趙人皆請而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43641-43653">レ</note>之。」</p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-43704-43713">上の</seg><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-43713-43758"><seg source="#source-43713-43722">（２）</seg></hi>に紹介した黄巣の賊徒の狼藉は、『舊唐書』卷二百下の黄巣傳に、今少しく詳細に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-43874-44280" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-43909-43924">關東仍歳無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43924-43936">二</note><seg source="#source-43936-43942">耕稼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43942-43954">一</note><seg source="#source-43954-43966">。人餓倚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43966-43978">二</note><seg source="#source-43978-43987">牆壁間</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-43987-43999">一</note><seg source="#source-43999-44008">。賊俘</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44008-44020">レ</note><seg source="#source-44020-44038">人而食。日殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44038-44050">二</note><seg source="#source-44050-44056">數千</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44056-44068">一</note><seg source="#source-44068-44077">。賊有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44077-44089">二</note><seg source="#source-44089-44098">舂磨砦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44098-44110">一</note><seg source="#source-44110-44116">。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44116-44128">二</note><seg source="#source-44128-44140">巨碓數百</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44140-44152">一</note><seg source="#source-44152-44161">。生納</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44161-44173">二</note><seg source="#source-44173-44182">人於臼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44182-44194">一</note><seg source="#source-44194-44197">碎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44197-44209">レ</note><seg source="#source-44209-44218">之。合</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-44218-44230">レ</note><seg source="#source-44230-44244">骨而食。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-44282-44660">と記してある。數千幾萬の無辜の良民を、生きながら碓にて舂き、磑にて磨して食用に供するとは、誠に前代未聞の慘事と申さねばならぬ。殊に又賊軍討伐の任に當れる官軍が、却つて良民を執へ、之を金に換へて賊軍の糧食に資するが如きは、支那以外の他國では、到底見當らぬ</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-44660-44684"><rb>咄々</rb><rt>とつとつ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-44684-44704">怪事と思ふ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">唐の中世以後揚州は支那第一の大都會であつた。當時揚一といふ諺があつて、富庶繁華を以て天下に冠絶して居つた。所が唐末紛擾の際に、殊に當時の軍界の元勳たる淮西節度使の高駢が失勢して以來、揚州は群雄爭奪の區となり、多年修羅の巷となつた。『舊唐書』にその光景を傳へて、次の如く記してある。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-45129-45523" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-45164-45197">廣陵（揚州）大鎭。富甲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45197-45209">二</note><seg source="#source-45209-45215">天下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45215-45227">一</note><seg source="#source-45227-45233">。自</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45233-45245">二</note><seg source="#source-45245-45275">｛畢｝師鐸、秦彦之後</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45275-45287">一</note><seg source="#source-45287-45347">。孫儒｛楊｝行密。繼踵相攻。四五年間。連</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45347-45359">レ</note><seg source="#source-45359-45365">兵不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45365-45377">レ</note><seg source="#source-45377-45431">息。廬舍焚蕩。民戸喪亡。廣陵之雄富掃</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45431-45443">レ</note><seg source="#source-45443-45487">地矣（卷百八十二、秦彦傳）。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">この間揚州の住民は、文字通りに塗炭の苦を受け、魚肉の厄に罹つた。『五代史記』に上の<hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-45651-45696"><seg source="#source-45651-45660">（５）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-45696-45740">に紹介した同一事實を記して、</seg></p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-45740-46070" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-45775-45856">是時城中倉庫空虚。飢民相殺而食。其夫婦父子。自相牽。就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45856-45868">レ</note><seg source="#source-45868-45874">屠賣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45874-45886">レ</note><seg source="#source-45886-45898">之。屠者</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-171-3" source="#source-45898-45960">刲</g><seg source="#source-45960-45966">剔如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45966-45978">二</note><seg source="#source-45978-45984">羊豕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-45984-45996">一</note><seg source="#source-45996-46034">（卷六十一上、呉世家）。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-46072-46134">と傳へて居る。酸鼻至極の記事ではないか。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">揚州は唐代の外國貿易港の一で、多數のマホメット教徒が茲に滯在して居つた（大正八年十月の『史學雜誌』に掲げた拙稿「イブン・コルダードベーに見えたる支那の貿易港」六二―六四頁<note type="misc" subtype="unresolved" source="#source-46392-46449">［＃ここに「本全集第三卷所收」と注記］</note><seg source="#source-46449-46801">）。黄巣の反亂は廣く且つ詳に、マホメット教徒の間に知られて居つた（Reinaud; Relation des Voyages. Tome I, pp. 63-68. Maçoudi; Les Prairies d'Or. Tome II, pp. 302-306）。されば黄巣の行つた虐殺、揚州に於ける慘事も、亦彼等の耳目に觸れた筈である。Abû Zayd の傳へる（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-13-22" source="#source-46801-46840">Ⅱ</g>）の記事は、當時のマホメット教徒の見聞に本づけるもので、大體に於て事實と認めねばならぬ。唐末四方に獨立割據した節度使達が、勝手氣儘に弱肉強食の爭を釀したのも事實であれば、その爭奪の犧牲となつた土地の荒廢し、住民の難澁したのも事實である。上に『資治通鑑』に據つて紹介した記事の中には、籠城久しきに亙つて、味方同志<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-47305-47352">噉</g><seg source="#source-47352-47436">食した事實も多いが、又敵陣を陷れ敵地を略して、その兵民を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-47436-47483">噉</g><seg source="#source-47483-47516">食した事實も尠くない。</seg><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-47516-47561"><seg source="#source-47516-47525">（２）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-47561-47573">の黄巣、</seg><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-47573-47618"><seg source="#source-47573-47582">（３）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-47618-47633">の宣州軍、</seg><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-47633-47678"><seg source="#source-47633-47642">（６）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-47678-47693">の李罕之、</seg><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-47693-47738"><seg source="#source-47693-47702">（９）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-47738-47750">の孫儒、</seg><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-47750-47793"><seg source="#source-47750-47758">（10）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-47793-48022">の李克用の場合のごときは、大體に於て後者に屬すべきもので、Abû Zayd の記事の正確なることを保證すべき實例である。敵國を侵略若くば併合する際に、敵の捕虜を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-48022-48069">噉</g><seg source="#source-48069-48300">食するといふ蠻習は、この以後でも時々支那で實行された。北宋の初期の乾徳元年（西暦九六三）に、宋軍が湖南征伐を行うた際、宋の兵馬都監李處耘の部下は敵の捕虜を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-48300-48347">噉</g>食した。『宋史』にこの事實を、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-48394-49013" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-48429-48444">｛宋軍｝至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48444-48456">二</note><seg source="#source-48456-48465">敖山砦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48465-48477">一</note><seg source="#source-48477-48486">。賊棄</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48486-48498">レ</note><seg source="#source-48498-48540">砦走。俘獲甚衆。｛李｝處耘釋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48540-48552">二</note><seg source="#source-48552-48555">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48555-48567">レ</note><seg source="#source-48567-48588">俘體肥者數十人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48588-48600">一</note><seg source="#source-48600-48606">。令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48606-48618">三</note><seg source="#source-48618-48627">左右分</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48627-48639">二</note><seg source="#source-48639-48645">啗之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48645-48657">一</note><seg source="#source-48657-48663">。黥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48663-48675">二</note><seg source="#source-48675-48687">其少健者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48687-48699">一</note><seg source="#source-48699-48705">。令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48705-48717">三</note><seg source="#source-48717-48723">先入</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48723-48735">二</note><seg source="#source-48735-48741">朗州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48741-48753">一</note><seg source="#source-48753-48774">。……黥者先入</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48774-48786">レ</note><seg source="#source-48786-48795">城。言</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48795-48807">三</note><seg source="#source-48807-48810">被</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48810-48822">レ</note><seg source="#source-48822-48834">擒者悉爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48834-48846">二</note><seg source="#source-48846-48855">大軍所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48855-48870">一レ</note><seg source="#source-48870-48894">啗。朗人大懼。縱</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48894-48906">レ</note><seg source="#source-48906-48912">火焚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-48912-48924">レ</note><seg source="#source-48924-48977">城而潰（卷二百五十七、李處耘傳）。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-49015-49137">と記してある。この李處耘は實に宋の太宗の皇后、即ち明徳皇后の實父に當るから驚く。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-49137-49308">李處耘と關聯して憶ひ出されるのは、同時代の王繼勳である。彼は宋の太祖の皇后即ち孝明皇后の近親であるが、性疎暴で屡</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-2-22" source="#source-49308-49341">〻</g>その使役せる子女を殺し食したといふ。この人に關しては、南宋の趙與時の『賓退録』卷七に下の如く傳へてある。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-49499-50302" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-49534-49588">本朝王繼勳。孝明皇后母弟。太祖時屡以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49588-49600">レ</note><seg source="#source-49600-49615">罪貶。後以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49615-49627">二</note><seg source="#source-49627-49651">右監門衞率府副率</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49651-49663">一</note><seg source="#source-49663-49669">。分</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49669-49681">二</note><seg source="#source-49681-49690">司西京</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49690-49702">一</note><seg source="#source-49702-49726">。殘暴愈甚。強市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49726-49738">二</note><seg source="#source-49738-49750">民間子女</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49750-49762">一</note><seg source="#source-49762-49771">。以備</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49771-49783">二</note><seg source="#source-49783-49789">給使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49789-49801">一</note><seg source="#source-49801-49810">。小不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49810-49822">レ</note><seg source="#source-49822-49825">如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49825-49837">レ</note><seg source="#source-49837-49855">意。即殺而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49855-49867">レ</note><seg source="#source-49867-49876">之。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49876-49888">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-U-69E5-172-8" source="#source-49888-49932">槥</g><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-15-72" source="#source-49932-49991">櫝</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-49991-50003">一</note><seg source="#source-50003-50006">貯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50006-50018">二</note><seg source="#source-50018-50024">其骨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50024-50036">一</note><seg source="#source-50036-50042">。棄</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50042-50054">二</note><seg source="#source-50054-50063">之野外</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50063-50075">一</note><seg source="#source-50075-50090">。女僧及鬻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50090-50102">レ</note><seg source="#source-50102-50114">棺者。出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50114-50126">二</note><seg source="#source-50126-50135">入其門</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50135-50147">一</note><seg source="#source-50147-50150">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50150-50162">レ</note><seg source="#source-50162-50189">絶。太宗即位。會有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50189-50201">二</note><seg source="#source-50201-50207">訴者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50207-50219">一</note><seg source="#source-50219-50225">。斬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50225-50237">二</note><seg source="#source-50237-50249">于洛陽市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50249-50261">一</note><seg source="#source-50261-50266">。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">但 Abû Zayd が支那人の法律は人肉を食することを認可すといへる一節は、多少の説明を要する。既に孟子も「獸相食。且人惡<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-50480-50492">レ</note>之」（梁惠王上）と申して居る位で、支那人とて人肉の相食むのを尋常の出來事として看過する筈がない。現に唐の張巡が忠義の爲とはいへ、人肉を食したことに對してすら、一部の非難があつた（『新唐書』卷百九十二、張巡傳）。支那人の法律が主義として人肉食用を公認する筈がない。されど Abû Zayd の時代、即ち唐末から五代の初期にかけて、支那國内の秩序亂れ綱紀壞ぶれ、所在の市場で人肉の公賣されたことは、疑なき事實である。『五代史記』も『資治通鑑』も、揚州の市場で公然人肉の販賣された事實を明記してある。即ち事實としては、當時の支那官憲は、人肉の食用と販賣に對して、何等の禁制を加へなかつた。此の如くして Abû Zayd 傳ふる所のこの一節も、亦大體に於て事實と認めねばならぬ。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-51475-51536" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-51496-51532"><seg source="#source-51496-51499">五</seg></head>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-51536-52026">唐末五代以後も、支那人の Cannibalism は依然行はれた、この一千年間に於ける正史野乘を遍ねく探つたならば、Cannibalism の例證は恐らくは山にも比し得る程と思ふ。吾が輩はかかる例證を一々探討する餘暇もなく、又かかる例證を一々羅列する必要をも感ぜぬ。ただこの期間に起つた尤も酷烈なる Cannibalism の記事二三を茲に掲げて、全貌窺測の資料に供したい。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">北宋末から南宋の初期にかけて、女眞人の入寇により、支那を擧げて紛擾の裡に陷つた。この際例によつて所在に人肉食用が流行した。就中南宋の莊綽の『<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-66" source="#source-52239-52286">雞</g>肋編』（『説郛』<g ref="#gaiji-U-38A7-173-7" source="#source-52310-52390">㢧</g><seg source="#source-52390-52461">二十七所收）に記する所、尤も酸鼻を極めて居る。</seg></p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-52461-53814" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-52496-52499">自</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52499-52511">二</note><seg source="#source-52511-52562">靖康丙午歳（西暦一一二六）。金狄亂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52562-52577">一レ</note><seg source="#source-52577-52655">華。六七年間。山東、京西、淮南等路。荊榛千里。米斗至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52655-52667">二</note><seg source="#source-52667-52676">數十千</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52676-52688">一</note><seg source="#source-52688-52697">。且不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52697-52709">レ</note><seg source="#source-52709-52712">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52712-52724">レ</note><seg source="#source-52724-52748">得。盜賊官兵以至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52748-52760">二</note><seg source="#source-52760-52781">民居（居民？）</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52781-52793">一</note><seg source="#source-52793-52820">更相食。人肉之價賤</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52820-52832">二</note><seg source="#source-52832-52841">于犬豕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52841-52853">一</note><seg source="#source-52853-52874">。壯者一枚。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52874-52886">レ</note><seg source="#source-52886-52889">過</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52889-52901">二</note><seg source="#source-52901-52910">十五斤</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52910-52922">一</note><seg source="#source-52922-52937">。躯暴以爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-52937-52949">レ</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-47" source="#source-52949-52996">腊</g><seg source="#source-52996-53014">。登州范温率</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53014-53026">二</note><seg source="#source-53026-53038">忠義之人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53038-53050">一</note><seg source="#source-53050-53098">。紹興癸丑歳（西暦一一三三）。汎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53098-53110">レ</note><seg source="#source-53110-53116">海到</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53116-53128">二</note><seg source="#source-53128-53134">錢塘</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53134-53146">一</note><seg source="#source-53146-53152">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53152-53164">下</note><seg source="#source-53164-53167">至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53167-53179">二</note><seg source="#source-53179-53197">行在（杭州）</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53197-53209">一</note><seg source="#source-53209-53218">猶食者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53218-53230">上</note><seg source="#source-53230-53272">。老嫂（痩？）男子婦女。更謂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53272-53284">二</note><seg source="#source-53284-53296">之饒把火</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53296-53308">一</note><seg source="#source-53308-53332">。婦人少艾者。名</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53332-53344">二</note><seg source="#source-53344-53356">之下羹羊</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53356-53368">一</note><seg source="#source-53368-53383">。小兒呼爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53383-53395">二</note><seg source="#source-53395-53404">和骨爛</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53404-53416">一</note><seg source="#source-53416-53431">。又通目爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53431-53443">二</note><seg source="#source-53443-53452">兩脚羊</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53452-53464">一</note><seg source="#source-53464-53467">。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-53467-53485"><rb>唐止</rb><rt>タダ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-53485-53506">朱粲一賊。今百</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53506-53518">二</note><seg source="#source-53518-53530">倍于前數</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53530-53542">一</note><seg source="#source-53542-53611">。殺戮、焚溺、飢餓、疾疫、陷墮。其死已衆。又加</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53611-53623">レ</note><seg source="#source-53623-53629">之以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53629-53641">二</note><seg source="#source-53641-53647">相食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53647-53659">一</note><seg source="#source-53659-53671">。……不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53671-53683">レ</note><seg source="#source-53683-53689">意以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53689-53701">二</note><seg source="#source-53701-53707">老眼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53707-53719">一</note><seg source="#source-53719-53728">。親見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53728-53740">二</note><seg source="#source-53740-53746">此時</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-53746-53758">一</note><seg source="#source-53758-53778">。嗚呼痛哉。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">この兩脚羊とは兩脚を有する羊の意味で、人間を羊同樣に食用するから起つた名稱である。和骨爛とは骨と肉を併せて火食する、下羮羊は『輟耕録』卷九に引けるものは不美羹となつて居る。これは羹の料に供するより起つた名稱で、饒把火とは肉硬くして燃料を多く要するより起つた名稱かと想ふ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">元朝の末期に出た陶宗儀の『輟耕録』卷九にも、その當時の事實として、『<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-66" source="#source-54331-54378">雞</g>肋編』に劣らざる、否遙にそれ以上と認むべき悲慘な記事を傳へて居る。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-54479-55514" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-54514-54559">天下兵甲方殷。而淮右之軍。嗜食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54559-54571">レ</note><seg source="#source-54571-54580">人。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54580-54592">二</note><seg source="#source-54592-54598">小兒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54598-54610">一</note><seg source="#source-54610-54613">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54613-54625">レ</note><seg source="#source-54625-54640">上。婦女次</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54640-54652">レ</note><seg source="#source-54652-54670">之。男子又次</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54670-54682">レ</note><seg source="#source-54682-54694">之。或使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54694-54706">レ</note><seg source="#source-54706-54709">坐</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54709-54721">二</note><seg source="#source-54721-54730">兩缸間</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54730-54742">一</note><seg source="#source-54742-54754">。外逼以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54754-54766">レ</note><seg source="#source-54766-54778">火。或於</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54778-54790">二</note><seg source="#source-54790-54799">鐵架上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54799-54811">一</note><seg source="#source-54811-54826">生炙。或縛</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54826-54838">二</note><seg source="#source-54838-54847">其手足</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54847-54859">一</note><seg source="#source-54859-54868">。先用</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54868-54880">二</note><seg source="#source-54880-54886">沸湯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54886-54898">一</note><seg source="#source-54898-54913">澆溌。却以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54913-54925">二</note><seg source="#source-54925-54931">竹帚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54931-54943">一</note><seg source="#source-54943-54946">刷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54946-54958">二</note><seg source="#source-54958-54967">去苦皮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54967-54979">一</note><seg source="#source-54979-54988">。或乘</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-54988-55000">二</note><seg source="#source-55000-55009">夾袋中</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55009-55021">一</note><seg source="#source-55021-55027">。入</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55027-55039">二</note><seg source="#source-55039-55045">巨鍋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55045-55057">一</note><seg source="#source-55057-55063">。活</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-52" source="#source-55063-55122">煑</g><seg source="#source-55122-55128">。或</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-174-5" source="#source-55128-55190">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55190-55202">二</note><seg source="#source-55202-55211">作事件</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55211-55223">一</note><seg source="#source-55223-55238">（？）而淹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55238-55250">レ</note><seg source="#source-55250-55274">之。或男子則止斷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55274-55286">二</note><seg source="#source-55286-55295">其雙腿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55295-55307">一</note><seg source="#source-55307-55322">。婦女則特</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-3-26" source="#source-55322-55377">剜</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55377-55389">二</note><seg source="#source-55389-55398">其兩乳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55398-55410">一</note><seg source="#source-55410-55428">酷毒萬状。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55428-55440">レ</note><seg source="#source-55440-55443">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55443-55455">二</note><seg source="#source-55455-55461">具言</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-55461-55473">一</note><seg source="#source-55473-55478">。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-55516-55579">活人をその儘火炙にするとか、袋に入れ鍋で</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-52" source="#source-55579-55638">煑</g><seg source="#source-55638-55988">るとか、その手足を縛し熱湯をかけて皮膚を爛らし、竹帚にてその皮膚を洗刷する等、千歳の下猶ほ聞く者をして毛髮竦然たらしむるではないか。此の記事の如きは、單に支那人の食人肉の一材料のみでなく、又支那人の殘忍性を證明するべき一材料と思ふ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-55988-56003">明の謝肇</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-84" source="#source-56003-56059">淛</g>の『文海披沙』卷七に、左の如き記事がある。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-56124-57012" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-56159-56219">我太祖高皇帝時。開平王常遇春妻甚妬。上賜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56219-56231">二</note><seg source="#source-56231-56237">侍女</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56237-56249">一</note><seg source="#source-56249-56258">。王悦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56258-56270">二</note><seg source="#source-56270-56276">其手</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56276-56288">一</note><seg source="#source-56288-56300">。妻即斷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56300-56312">レ</note><seg source="#source-56312-56348">之。王憤且惧。入朝而色不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56348-56360">レ</note><seg source="#source-56360-56447">懌。上詰再三。王始具對。上大笑曰。此小事耳。再賜何妨。且飮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56447-56459">レ</note><seg source="#source-56459-56465">酒寛</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56465-56477">レ</note><seg source="#source-56477-56489">懷。密令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56489-56501">二</note><seg source="#source-56501-56513">校尉數人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56513-56525">一</note><seg source="#source-56525-56528">至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56528-56540">二</note><seg source="#source-56540-56546">王第</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56546-56558">一</note><seg source="#source-56558-56564">。誅</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56564-56576">二</note><seg source="#source-56576-56582">其妻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56582-56594">一</note><seg source="#source-56594-56597">支</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56597-56609">二</note><seg source="#source-56609-56615">解之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56615-56627">一</note><seg source="#source-56627-56636">。各以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56636-56648">二</note><seg source="#source-56648-56654">一臠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56654-56666">一</note><seg source="#source-56666-56669">賜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56669-56681">二</note><seg source="#source-56681-56687">群臣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56687-56699">一</note><seg source="#source-56699-56708">。題曰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56708-56720">二</note><seg source="#source-56720-56732">悍婦之肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56732-56744">一</note><seg source="#source-56744-56765">。肉至。王尚在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56765-56777">レ</note><seg source="#source-56777-56792">座。即以賜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56792-56804">レ</note><seg source="#source-56804-56831">之。王大驚謝歸。怖</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-84-51" source="#source-56831-56893">惋</g><seg source="#source-56893-56929">累日。此事千古之快。其過</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56929-56941">二</note><seg source="#source-56941-56950">唐太宗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-56950-56962">一</note><seg source="#source-56962-56976">萬萬矣。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-57014-57116">唐の太宗は、曾て兵部尚書の任環に二宮女を賜ふたが、任環の妻柳氏は妬</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5A28-174-14" source="#source-57116-57161">娨</g><seg source="#source-57161-57206">で、二宮女を虐待した。太宗は態</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-2-22" source="#source-57206-57239">〻</g><seg source="#source-57239-57416">柳氏を招きて懇諭したが、柳氏は頑として聽入れぬ。一天萬乘の太宗も、已むを得ずして二宮女を別宅に安置させたことが、唐の張</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-94-39" source="#source-57416-57463">鷟</g>の『朝野僉載』に見えて居る。謝肇<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-84" source="#source-57511-57567">淛</g><seg source="#source-57567-57819">は明の太祖と比較すべく、この故事を引用したのである。さるにても天子の尊に居る明の太祖が、公然かかる蠻行を敢てするとは驚くべきでないか。更に一代の達識を以て稱せらるる謝肇</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-84" source="#source-57819-57875">淛</g><seg source="#source-57875-57962">が、この蠻行を稱揚して千古の快事など放言するに至つては、愈</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-2-22" source="#source-57962-57995">〻</g><seg source="#source-57995-58018">呆るる外ない。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">明末清初に流賊横行の際に、例によつて、到る處で人肉食用の蠻行が起つた。この事實は、當時の支那人及び外國人の記録に散見して居るが、その代表として、清初の顧山貞の『客<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-1" source="#source-58264-58319">滇</g>述』の一節を紹介する。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-58354-59483" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-58389-58473">｛明永明王永暦元年（西暦一六四七）｝四川大飢。民相食。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58473-58485">二</note><seg source="#source-58485-58506">夫婦父子互食者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58506-58518">一</note><seg source="#source-58518-58596">。蓋甲申（西暦一六四四）以來。大亂三年。民皆逃竄。無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58596-58608">二</note><seg source="#source-58608-58617">人耕種</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58617-58629">一</note><seg source="#source-58629-58668">。而宿糧棄廢又盡。故飢荒至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58668-58680">レ</note><seg source="#source-58680-58779">此。……嘉定州則斗米三十金。成都、重慶。倶五十金。……成都人多逃入</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58779-58791">二</note><seg source="#source-58791-58797">雅州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58797-58809">一</note><seg source="#source-58809-58815">。採</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58815-58827">二</note><seg source="#source-58827-58833">野菓</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58833-58845">一</note><seg source="#source-58845-58860">而食。亦多</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58860-58872">下</note><seg source="#source-58872-58875">流</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58875-58887">二</note><seg source="#source-58887-58896">入土司</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58896-58908">一</note><seg source="#source-58908-58911">者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58911-58923">上</note><seg source="#source-58923-58935">。死亡滿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58935-58947">レ</note><seg source="#source-58947-58962">路。屍纔倒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58962-58974">レ</note><seg source="#source-58974-58986">地。即爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-58986-58998">二</note><seg source="#source-58998-59007">人割去</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59007-59019">一</note><seg source="#source-59019-59025">。雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59025-59037">レ</note><seg source="#source-59037-59040">斬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59040-59052">レ</note><seg source="#source-59052-59058">之不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59058-59070">レ</note><seg source="#source-59070-59073">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59073-59085">レ</note><seg source="#source-59085-59106">止。……成都食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59106-59118">レ</note><seg source="#source-59118-59139">人尤甚。強者聚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59139-59151">二</note><seg source="#source-59151-59160">衆數百</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59160-59172">一</note><seg source="#source-59172-59178">。掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59178-59190">レ</note><seg source="#source-59190-59205">人而食。若</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59205-59217">レ</note><seg source="#source-59217-59220">屠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59220-59232">二</note><seg source="#source-59232-59238">羊豕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59238-59250">一</note><seg source="#source-59250-59295">然。綿州大學士劉宇亮少子。亦爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59295-59307">二</note><seg source="#source-59307-59316">強盜所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59316-59331">一レ</note><seg source="#source-59331-59418">食。……男子肉毎斤七錢。女子肉毎斤八錢。塚中枯骨。皆掘出爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-59418-59430">レ</note><seg source="#source-59430-59447">屑以食焉。</seg></p>
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          <head n="2" source="#source-59508-59544"><seg source="#source-59508-59511">六</seg></head>
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        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-59548-60080">支那の雜劇、稗史、小説等のうちにも、人肉食用の記事の尠からざることは、有名なフランスの Bazin が夙に注意して居る（Chine Moderne. pp. 460, 461）。此等の記事を、その儘に事實として受取り難くとも、かかる記事の存在その者を、支那人間に Cannibalism の行はれた、一旁證と認めて差支あるまい。吾が輩はこの方面の智識誠に貧弱であるが、その貧弱な智識の中から二三の例を左に紹介する。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">元曲中に「趙禮讓肥」がある。王莽の末年に於ける天下騷亂の際に、趙孝、趙禮といふ二人の兄弟が、亂を宜秋山下に避けて、母親に孝養を盡して居つた。所が一日弟の趙禮が、馬武といふ盜賊の頭目の手に捕獲された。馬武は彼自身、</p>
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        <p><seg source="#source-60438-60447">某今在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60447-60459">二</note><seg source="#source-60459-60480">這宜秋山虎頭寨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60480-60492">一</note><seg source="#source-60492-60495">。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-60495-60525"><rb>落草</rb><rt>ミヲオトシテ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-60525-60528">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60528-60540">レ</note><seg source="#source-60540-60546">寇。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-60546-60561"><rb>也</rb><rt>マタ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-60561-60567">是不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60567-60579">レ</note><seg source="#source-60579-60582">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60582-60594">レ</note><seg source="#source-60594-60603">已而爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60603-60615">レ</note><seg source="#source-60615-60624">之。毎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60624-60636">二</note><seg source="#source-60636-60642">一日</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60642-60654">一</note><seg source="#source-60654-60657">要</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60657-60669">レ</note><seg source="#source-60669-60672">喫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60672-60684">二</note><seg source="#source-60684-60699">一副人心肝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60699-60711">一</note><seg source="#source-60711-60723">。今日拿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60723-60735">二</note><seg source="#source-60735-60747">住一頭牛</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60747-60759">一</note><seg source="#source-60759-60765">。欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60765-60777">レ</note><seg source="#source-60777-60780">待</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60780-60792">レ</note><seg source="#source-60792-60795">殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60795-60807">二</note><seg source="#source-60807-60813">壞他</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-60813-60825">一</note><seg source="#source-60825-60830">。</seg></p>
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        <p>と告白して居る通り、この趙禮を料理して食に充てんとした。弟の不運を聞き知つた趙孝は、早速馬武の營下に到つて、弟の身代りに立たんことを哀求した。かくて馬武の面前で、趙孝、趙禮の兄弟が、身の肥痩を競ひ死を爭うた。さしも鐵心腸の馬武も、二人の友情に感動して、之を放免した。やがて東漢一統の世となると、馬武は用ひられて天下兵馬大元帥となり、彼の推擧で趙孝趙禮兄弟も、それぞれ出世するといふのが、この劇の筋書である（『元曲選』第二十九册參看）。この趙孝趙禮の墓は、今も直隷省昌平縣の西北の賢莊口にあるといふ（『光緒昌平州志』卷十）。趙孝趙禮の事蹟は『後漢書』に、</p>
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        <p><seg source="#source-61733-61736">及</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61736-61748">二</note><seg source="#source-61748-61757">天下亂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61757-61769">一</note><seg source="#source-61769-61805">。人相食。（趙）孝弟禮爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61805-61817">二</note><seg source="#source-61817-61826">餓賊所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61826-61841">一レ</note><seg source="#source-61841-61853">得。孝聞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61853-61865">レ</note><seg source="#source-61865-61883">之即自縛。詣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61883-61895">レ</note><seg source="#source-61895-61925">賊曰。禮久餓羸痩。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61925-61937">レ</note><seg source="#source-61937-61940">如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61940-61952">二</note><seg source="#source-61952-61961">孝肥飽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61961-61973">一</note><seg source="#source-61973-61991">。賊大驚竝放</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-61991-62003">レ</note><seg source="#source-62003-62018">之。謂曰可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62018-62030">下</note><seg source="#source-62030-62045">且歸。更持</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62045-62057">二</note><seg source="#source-62057-62063">米糒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62063-62075">一</note><seg source="#source-62075-62078">來</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62078-62090">上</note><seg source="#source-62090-62102">。孝求不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62102-62114">レ</note><seg source="#source-62114-62117">能</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62117-62129">レ</note><seg source="#source-62129-62144">得。復往報</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62144-62156">レ</note><seg source="#source-62156-62165">賊。願</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62165-62177">レ</note><seg source="#source-62177-62180">就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62180-62192">レ</note><seg source="#source-62192-62204">烹。衆異</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62204-62216">レ</note><seg source="#source-62216-62228">之。遂不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62228-62240">レ</note><seg source="#source-62240-62275">害（卷六十九、趙孝傳）</seg></p>
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        <p>と見えて居る。「趙禮讓肥」一劇はこの史實に本づくことがわかる。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">食人肉の風習の行はるる支那では、趙孝趙禮の如く、兄弟若くは父子夫婦の間に、肥を讓つた事例は必しも稀有でない。『後漢書』一書の中からでも、幾多の實例を擧ぐるに難くない。「趙禮讓肥」の作者秦簡夫と、ほぼ時代を同くする李仲義の妻劉氏の如きも、かかる代表の一人として擧ぐることが出來る。</p>
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        <p><seg source="#source-62865-62970">劉氏名翠哥。房山人。至正二十年（西暦一三六〇）縣大饑。平章劉哈剌不花乏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62970-62982">レ</note><seg source="#source-62982-62991">食。執</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-62991-63003">二</note><seg source="#source-63003-63018">｛李｝仲義</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63018-63030">一</note><seg source="#source-63030-63033">欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63033-63045">レ</note><seg source="#source-63045-63048">烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63048-63060">レ</note><seg source="#source-63060-63093">之。……劉氏……涕泣伏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63093-63105">レ</note><seg source="#source-63105-63114">地。告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63114-63126">二</note><seg source="#source-63126-63132">於兵</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63132-63144">一</note><seg source="#source-63144-63153">曰。所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63153-63165">レ</note><seg source="#source-63165-63192">執者是吾夫也。乞矜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63192-63204">二</note><seg source="#source-63204-63210">憐之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63210-63222">一</note><seg source="#source-63222-63228">。貸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63228-63240">二</note><seg source="#source-63240-63246">其生</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63246-63258">一</note><seg source="#source-63258-63270">。吾家有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63270-63282">二</note><seg source="#source-63282-63309">醤一甕。米一斗五升</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63309-63321">一</note><seg source="#source-63321-63327">。窖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63327-63339">二</note><seg source="#source-63339-63348">于地中</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63348-63360">一</note><seg source="#source-63360-63366">。可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63366-63378">下</note><seg source="#source-63378-63381">掘</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63381-63393">二</note><seg source="#source-63393-63399">取之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63399-63411">一</note><seg source="#source-63411-63417">以代</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63417-63429">中</note><seg source="#source-63429-63435">吾夫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63435-63447">上</note><seg source="#source-63447-63456">。兵不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63456-63468">レ</note><seg source="#source-63468-63501">從。劉氏曰。吾夫痩小不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63501-63513">レ</note><seg source="#source-63513-63516">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63516-63528">レ</note><seg source="#source-63528-63585">食。吾聞婦人肥黒者味美。吾肥且黒。願就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63585-63597">レ</note><seg source="#source-63597-63606">烹以代</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63606-63618">レ</note><seg source="#source-63618-63636">夫死。兵遂釋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63636-63648">二</note><seg source="#source-63648-63654">其夫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63654-63666">一</note><seg source="#source-63666-63672">而烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63672-63684">二</note><seg source="#source-63684-63690">劉氏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63690-63702">一</note><seg source="#source-63702-63714">。聞者莫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63714-63726">レ</note><seg source="#source-63726-63729">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63729-63741">レ</note><seg source="#source-63741-63744">哀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-63744-63756">レ</note>之。（『元史』卷二百一、列女傳）。</p>
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        <p>『演義三國志』第十九囘に、劉備が呂布の爲に小沛を陷られて、敗走の途中、獵戸の劉安の家に宿せし時、劉安は劉備にその妻の肉を進めたことを記して、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-64059-64753" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-64094-64118"><rb>當下</rb><rt>ソノトキ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-64118-64127">劉安聞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64127-64139">二</note><seg source="#source-64139-64151">豫州牧至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64151-64163">一</note><seg source="#source-64163-64169">。欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64169-64181">下</note><seg source="#source-64181-64184">尋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64184-64196">二</note><seg source="#source-64196-64202">野味</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64202-64214">一</note><seg source="#source-64214-64220">供食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64220-64232">上</note><seg source="#source-64232-64244">。一時不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64244-64256">レ</note><seg source="#source-64256-64259">能</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64259-64271">レ</note><seg source="#source-64271-64283">得。乃殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64283-64295">二</note><seg source="#source-64295-64301">其妻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64301-64313">一</note><seg source="#source-64313-64319">以食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64319-64331">レ</note><seg source="#source-64331-64397">之。玄徳曰。此何肉也。安曰。乃狼肉也。玄徳不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64397-64409">レ</note><seg source="#source-64409-64454">疑。遂飽食了一頓。天晩就宿。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64454-64466">レ</note><seg source="#source-64466-64472">曉將</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64472-64484">レ</note><seg source="#source-64484-64493">去。往</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64493-64505">二</note><seg source="#source-64505-64511">後院</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64511-64523">一</note><seg source="#source-64523-64526">取</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64526-64538">レ</note><seg source="#source-64538-64550">馬。忽見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64550-64562">三</note><seg source="#source-64562-64574">一婦人殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64574-64586">二</note><seg source="#source-64586-64595">於廚下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64595-64607">一</note><seg source="#source-64607-64655">。臂上肉已都割去。玄徳驚問。方知</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64655-64667">二</note><seg source="#source-64667-64697">昨夜食者。乃其妻之肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-64697-64709">一</note><seg source="#source-64709-64717">也。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-64755-64769">とある。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">また『隔簾花影』の第三十八囘に、南宋の岳飛が揚州を囘復して、かねて金軍の手先となつて支那人を虐待した、所謂漢奸の重なる者を捕へて處分した時の光景を描いて、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-65005-65839" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-65040-65064"><rb>那時</rb><rt>ソノトキ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-65064-65073">百姓。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-65073-65121"><rb>上千上萬</rb><rt>セントナクマントナク</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-65121-65136">。……走致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65136-65148">二</note><seg source="#source-65148-65172">揚州府前。市心裏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65172-65184">一</note><seg source="#source-65184-65196">。那裏等</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65196-65208">二</note><seg source="#source-65208-65217">得開刀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65217-65229">一</note><seg source="#source-65229-65238">。早被</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65238-65250">二</note><seg source="#source-65250-65256">百姓</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-65256-65274"><rb>們</rb><rt>ドモ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-65274-65280">上來</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65280-65292">一</note><seg source="#source-65292-65295">。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-45" source="#source-65295-65351">儞</g><seg source="#source-65351-65381">一刀。我一刀。零分碎</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-526E-177-10" source="#source-65381-65435">剮</g><seg source="#source-65435-65450">去吃了。只</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-65450-65471"><rb>落</rb><rt>ノコス</rt></ruby><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65471-65483">二</note><seg source="#source-65483-65486">得</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-65486-65525"><rb>一個孤椿</rb><rt>ヒトツノポウ</rt></ruby><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65525-65537">一</note><seg source="#source-65537-65540">。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-65540-65606"><rb><g ref="#gaiji-U-7D81-177-11" source="#source-65540-65585">綁</g></rb><rt>シバラレテ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-65606-65609">在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65609-65621">二</note><seg source="#source-65621-65627">市心</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65627-65639">一</note><seg source="#source-65639-65645">。開</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65645-65657">二</note><seg source="#source-65657-65660">了</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-819B-177-11" source="#source-65660-65705">膛</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65705-65717">一</note><seg source="#source-65717-65720">取</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65720-65732">二</note><seg source="#source-65732-65744">心肝五臟</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65744-65756">一</note><seg source="#source-65756-65765">。纔割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65765-65777">二</note><seg source="#source-65777-65783">下頭</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-65783-65795">一</note><seg source="#source-65795-65803">來。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>とある。『水滸傳』には隨所に食人肉の記事が見えて、一々開列するに堪へぬ。その第十囘に、朱貴が梁山泊畔に酒店を開き、往來の富商を劫略することを記して、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-66065-66411" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-66100-66106">輕則</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-66106-66148"><rb>蒙汗藥</rb><rt>シビレクスリニテ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-66148-66163">麻翻。重則</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-66163-66205"><rb>登時結果</rb><rt>スグサマコロシ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-66205-66211">。將</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66211-66223">二</note><seg source="#source-66223-66229">精肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66229-66241">一</note><seg source="#source-66241-66244">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66244-66256">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-U-7F93-177-14" source="#source-66256-66310">羓</g><seg source="#source-66310-66313">子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66313-66325">一</note><seg source="#source-66325-66337">。肥肉煎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66337-66349">レ</note><seg source="#source-66349-66355">油點</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66355-66367">レ</note><seg source="#source-66367-66375">燈。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-66413-66556">とある。第二十六囘には張青夫婦が行人を殺害して、その肉にて肉饅頭を作つて販賣することを記して、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-66556-66839" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-66591-66633"><rb>這等肥胖</rb><rt>コノフトツタヤツ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-66633-66642">。好做</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66642-66654">二</note><seg source="#source-66654-66663">黄牛肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66663-66675">一</note><seg source="#source-66675-66681">賣。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-66681-66696"><rb>那</rb><rt>カノ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-66696-66702">兩箇</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-66702-66750"><rb>痩蠻子</rb><rt>ヤセタミナミシナジン</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-66750-66762">。只好做</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66762-66774">二</note><seg source="#source-66774-66783">水牛肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66783-66795">一</note><seg source="#source-66795-66803">賣。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-66841-66900">といひ、その人肉料理場の有樣を描きて、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-66900-67462" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-66935-66947">張青便引</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66947-66959">二</note><seg source="#source-66959-66965">武松</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66965-66977">一</note><seg source="#source-66977-66983">。到</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-66983-66995">二</note><seg source="#source-66995-67010">人肉作坊裏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67010-67022">一</note><seg source="#source-67022-67034">看時。見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67034-67046">下</note><seg source="#source-67046-67052">壁上</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-67052-67138"><rb><g ref="#gaiji-U-7DB3-178-1" source="#source-67055-67126">綳</g></rb><rt>ハリ</rt></ruby><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67138-67150">二</note><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-67150-67165"><rb>着</rb><rt>ツケ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-67165-67177">幾張人皮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67177-67189">一</note><seg source="#source-67189-67198">。梁上</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-67198-67216"><rb>吊</rb><rt>ツリ</rt></ruby><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67216-67228">中</note><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-67228-67243"><rb>着</rb><rt>サゲ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-67243-67258">五七條人腿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67258-67270">上</note><seg source="#source-67270-67276">。見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67276-67288">二</note><seg source="#source-67288-67303">那兩箇公人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67303-67315">一</note><seg source="#source-67315-67342">。一顛一倒。挺著在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67342-67354">二</note><seg source="#source-67354-67360">剥人</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-3-19" source="#source-67360-67406">凳</g><seg source="#source-67406-67409">上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67409-67421">一</note><seg source="#source-67421-67426">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-67464-67541">といふ。第三十五囘に掲陽嶺の酒店裏で、宋江一行が、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-67541-67881" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-67576-67591">如今江湖上</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-67591-67618"><rb>歹人</rb><rt>ワルモノ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-67618-67648">。多有。萬千好漢。着</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67648-67660">二</note><seg source="#source-67660-67669">了道兒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67669-67681">一</note><seg source="#source-67681-67699">的。酒店裏下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67699-67711">二</note><seg source="#source-67711-67723">了蒙汗藥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67723-67735">一</note><seg source="#source-67735-67753">。麻翻了。劫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67753-67765">二</note><seg source="#source-67765-67774">了財物</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67774-67786">一</note><seg source="#source-67786-67804">。人肉把來做</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67804-67816">二</note><seg source="#source-67816-67828">饅頭餡子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-67828-67840">一</note><seg source="#source-67840-67845">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-67883-68020">と取沙汰して居る。その第四十二囘に李逵が李鬼を殺害して、その肉を肴に食事する光景を描いて、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-68020-68552" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-68055-68064">李逵盛</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68064-68076">レ</note><seg source="#source-68076-68133">飯來。喫了一囘。看着自笑道。好癡漢。放</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68133-68145">二</note><seg source="#source-68145-68154">著好肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68154-68166">一</note><seg source="#source-68166-68172">。在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68172-68184">二</note><seg source="#source-68184-68190">面前</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68190-68202">一</note><seg source="#source-68202-68211">。却不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68211-68223">レ</note><seg source="#source-68223-68226">會</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68226-68238">レ</note><seg source="#source-68238-68247">喫。拔</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68247-68259">二</note><seg source="#source-68259-68268">出腰刀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68268-68280">一</note><seg source="#source-68280-68289">。便去</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68289-68301">二</note><seg source="#source-68301-68313">李鬼腿上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68313-68325">一</note><seg source="#source-68325-68331">。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68331-68343">二</note><seg source="#source-68343-68355">下兩塊肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68355-68367">一</note><seg source="#source-68367-68376">來。把</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68376-68388">二</note><seg source="#source-68388-68394">些水</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68394-68406">一</note><seg source="#source-68406-68427">洗淨了。竈裏抓</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68427-68439">二</note><seg source="#source-68439-68448">些炭火</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-68448-68460">一</note><seg source="#source-68460-68516">來。便燒。一面燒。一面喫。喫得飽了。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-68554-68570">とある。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-68570-68631" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-68591-68627"><seg source="#source-68591-68594">七</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">上來紹介した幾多の例證の明示する如く、支那人が古來人肉を食用した事實に就いては、何等の疑惑を容れぬ。さて更に一歩を進めて、支那人が人肉を食用する動機をたづねると、中々複雜で一樣でない。或は人肉を食して泥棒すると容易に發覺せぬといふ迷信（唐の段成式の『酉陽雜俎』卷九、盜侠篇參看）から來るものもあれば、或は金の元帥<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-89-89" source="#source-69102-69149">紇</g><seg source="#source-69149-69320">石烈牙忽帶の如く、一部將の妻が、その與へし猪肉を食せざるを憤り、羊肉の如く見せかけて、之に人肉を食せしめて、自己の</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-69320-69344"><rb>惡戲</rb><rt>いたづら</rt></ruby>氣質を滿足せしむるもあれば（金の劉祁の『歸潛志』卷六參看）、更に唐の玄宗時代の宦官の楊思<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-70" source="#source-69476-69535">勖</g>の如く、自分の殘忍性を滿足せしむる爲に、罪人の心肝を取り、手足を截り、肉を割いて之を食ふものもある（『舊唐書』卷百八十四、楊思<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-70" source="#source-69724-69783">勖</g><seg source="#source-69783-70062">傳）。されど比較的普通な動機は、大約（一）飢饉の時に、人肉を食用する場合、（二）籠城して糧食盡きた時に人肉を食用する場合、（三）嗜好品として人肉を食用する場合、（四）憎惡の極、怨敵の肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-70062-70109">噉</g><seg source="#source-70109-70291">ふ場合、（五）醫療の目的で人肉を食用する場合の五種に區別することが出來る。以下一々の場合に就いて、少しく詳論して見たい。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-70294-70339"><seg source="#source-70294-70303">（一）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-70339-70383">飢饉の時人肉を食用する場合。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">申す迄もなくこの場合が一番普通である。所が支那殊に北支那では、頻繁に飢饉が起る。英國の Hosie が曾て Journal of China Branch of Royal Asiatic Society N.S. XII に Droughts in China from A.D. 620 to 1643 と題する論文を公にした。この論文は『欽定古今圖書集成』の庶徴典の旱災部の記事を資料としたもので、必しも完全なものとはいへぬが、しばらく之に據ると、この一千二十三年間に於ける五百八十三年は、旱災に罹つたといふ。水害も中々多い。この水旱の爲に飢饉の頻發するのも、亦已むを得ざる次第といはねばならぬ。一旦飢饉となると、交通の不便な支那では、穀物の價が想像以上に暴騰する。古代の支那に於ける米の價は一斗四十錢乃至五十錢を普通とし、最も賤き時は斗米一錢以下のこともあるが（『漢書』食貨志上）、最も貴き時は、斗米七八十萬錢にも達した（『通鑑』梁紀十七、太清二年の條）。平常より大約二萬倍の暴騰に當る。此の如き場合に貧民は到底生命を維持することが出來ぬ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那には古く常平倉義倉等、備荒の用意が出來て居つて、已に Solayman もこの設備の良好なることを紹介して居る（Reinaud; Relation des Voyages. Tome I, p. 39）。されどこの設備も概していへば、名あつて實なきものが多い。現に唐時代の實際を觀ても、太宗時代に設置した義倉及び常平倉は、高宗時代より次第に壞れ、玄宗時代に一旦復興したけれども、久しからずして廢して居る（『新唐書』食貨志二）。故にこの方面より來る救濟の實效も表面程多くない。歴代の支那政府は、水旱毎に救恤を怠らぬが、中間に介在する官吏の私利によつて、上惠が多く下達せぬ。西漢の汲黯が專斷を以て、河内の倉粟を發して饑民を救濟した如き（『漢書』卷五十、汲黯傳）、明の王<g ref="#gaiji-4-2-83-25" source="#source-72493-72552">竑</g>が獨斷を以て、廣運倉を開いて饑民を全活した如き（『明史』卷百七十七、王<g ref="#gaiji-4-2-83-25" source="#source-72657-72716">竑</g>傳）、又『元史』に張養浩が私錢を出して饑民を賑恤したことを記して、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-72817-73388" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-72852-72924">天暦二年（西暦一三二九）關中大旱。饑民相食。特拜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-72924-72936">二</note><seg source="#source-72936-72954">陝西行臺中丞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-72954-72966">一</note><seg source="#source-72966-72978">。……登</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-72978-72990">レ</note><seg source="#source-72990-72996">車就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-72996-73008">レ</note><seg source="#source-73008-73017">道。遇</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73017-73029">二</note><seg source="#source-73029-73035">餓者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73035-73047">一</note><seg source="#source-73047-73053">則賑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73053-73065">レ</note><seg source="#source-73065-73083">之。死者則葬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73083-73095">レ</note><seg source="#source-73095-73140">之。……時斗米直十三緡。……聞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73140-73152">下</note><seg source="#source-73152-73161">民間有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73161-73173">中</note><seg source="#source-73173-73176">殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73176-73188">レ</note><seg source="#source-73188-73197">子以奉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73197-73209">レ</note><seg source="#source-73209-73215">母者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73215-73227">上</note><seg source="#source-73227-73233">。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73233-73245">レ</note><seg source="#source-73245-73260">之大慟。出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73260-73272">二</note><seg source="#source-73272-73278">私錢</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73278-73290">一</note><seg source="#source-73290-73296">以濟</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-73296-73308">レ</note><seg source="#source-73308-73352">之（卷百七十五、張養浩傳）。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-73390-73729">といへるが如き、奇特な官吏もあるが、こは寧ろ寥々たるもので、その大多數は之を機會に中飽の慾を恣にするに過ぎぬ。後漢の獻帝の興平元年（西暦一九四）に、大饑饉が起つた時、獻帝は太倉の米豆を出して饑民を救助せしめたに拘らず、京師に餓</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-90" source="#source-73729-73791">莩</g>が續出した。之に疑惑を挾んだ獻帝は、その面前にて救恤の米豆を檢覈せしめて、關係官吏の不正を發覺し、その不正官吏を處罰してから、救助の實績が擧つたといふ（『後漢書』卷九、獻帝本紀）。之と類似の實例は、歴代の記録に疊見して居つて、一々列擧するに堪へぬ。兔に角朝廷の賑恤も、十分に下民に徹底せぬ場合が多い。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-74243-75230">以上の如き事情の下に、支那では大饑饉の時に、他國人の到底想像し得ざる程多數の餓死者を出す。比較的信憑すべき報道に據ると、道光二十九年（西暦一八四九）の凶荒には、一千三百七十五萬人が餓死し、光緒三四年（西暦一八七七―一八七八）の饑饉には、九百五十萬人が餓死したと傳へられて居る（Rockhill; Inquiry into the Population of China.｛Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 47, Part 3｝pp. 313, 316）。されば大饑饉の時に、支那人の間に人相食といふ事件の現出するのは、當然と申さねばならぬ。最近民國九年（西暦一九二〇）に於ける北支那の饑饉には、諸外國からの救助も相當に行き渡つたから、人肉食用の蠻行は起らなかつた樣であるが、光緒四年の饑饉には、この蠻行が實現して居る（Williams; Middle Kingdom. Vol. II, p. 736）。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-75230-75815">上に紹介して置いた Hosie の論文に、唐初から明末に至る、約一千年間に於ける饑饉に伴つて起つた Cannibalism の事蹟をも注意してあるが、擧一漏九底のもので決して完全でない。支那でやや大なる饑饉があれば、Cannibalism が殆ど必然的に現出する。歴代正史の食貨志や、五行志に見える實例だけでも驚くべき程多い。正史以外の野乘隨筆等に散見する事例も、中々尠くない。饑饉に伴つて起る Cannibalism は、支那では餘りに普通で、態</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-2-22" source="#source-75815-75848">〻</g><seg source="#source-75848-75952">列擧する必要を見ぬ。多數の實例の中より、二三の場合だけを左に掲げる。</seg></p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-75952-77218" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-75987-76068">建炎三年（西暦一一二九）山東郡國大饑。人相食。時金人陷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76068-76080">二</note><seg source="#source-76080-76092">京東諸郡</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76092-76104">一</note><seg source="#source-76104-76116">。民聚爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76116-76128">レ</note><seg source="#source-76128-76137">盜。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76137-76149">下</note><seg source="#source-76149-76155">車載</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76155-76167">二</note><seg source="#source-76167-76173">乾尸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76173-76185">一</note><seg source="#source-76185-76188">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76188-76203">上レ</note>糧（『宋史』卷六十七、五行志五）。</p>
        <p><seg source="#source-76256-76358">嘉定二年（西暦一二〇九）春。兩淮、荊襄、建康府大饑。斗米錢數千。人食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76358-76370">二</note><seg source="#source-76370-76376">草木</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76376-76388">一</note><seg source="#source-76388-76397">。淮民</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-181-10" source="#source-76397-76460">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76460-76472">二</note><seg source="#source-76472-76475">道</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-6BA3-181-10" source="#source-76475-76532">殣</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76532-76544">一</note><seg source="#source-76544-76559">。食盡。發</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76559-76571">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-54" source="#source-76571-76642">瘞</g><g ref="#gaiji-U-80D4-181-10" source="#source-76642-76687">胔</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76687-76699">一</note><seg source="#source-76699-76705">。繼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76705-76717">レ</note><seg source="#source-76717-76729">之。人相</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-6424-181-11" source="#source-76729-76780">搤</g><seg source="#source-76780-76800">噬（同上）。</seg></p>
        <p><seg source="#source-76800-76869">嘉煕四年（西暦一二四〇）正月。臨安大饑。饑者奪</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76869-76881">二</note><seg source="#source-76881-76890">食于路</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76890-76902">一</note><seg source="#source-76902-76914">。市中殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76914-76926">レ</note><seg source="#source-76926-76944">人以賣。盜于</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76944-76956">二</note><seg source="#source-76956-76962">隱處</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76962-76974">一</note><seg source="#source-76974-76977">掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76977-76989">二</note><seg source="#source-76989-76995">賣人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-76995-77007">一</note><seg source="#source-77007-77013">以徼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77013-77025">レ</note><seg source="#source-77025-77037">利。日未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77037-77049">レ</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-85-29" source="#source-77049-77096">晡</g><seg source="#source-77096-77105">。路無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77105-77117">二</note><seg source="#source-77117-77123">行人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77123-77135">一</note>（『御批通鑑輯覽』卷九十二）。</p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-77220-77232">清の紀</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-85-12" source="#source-77232-77291">昀</g>の『閲微草堂筆記五種』所收の『如是我聞』卷二に、明末饑饉の際に起つた、人肉發賣に關する左の悲慘事を載せてある。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-77458-78980" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-77493-77526">明季河北五省皆大飢。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77526-77538">二</note><seg source="#source-77538-77541">屠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77541-77553">レ</note><seg source="#source-77553-77559">人鬻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77559-77574">一レ</note><seg source="#source-77574-77586">肉。官弗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77586-77598">レ</note><seg source="#source-77598-77601">能</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77601-77613">レ</note><seg source="#source-77613-77622">禁。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77622-77634">レ</note><seg source="#source-77634-77640">客在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77640-77652">二</note><seg source="#source-77652-77667">徳州景州間</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77667-77679">一</note><seg source="#source-77679-77685">。入</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77685-77697">二</note><seg source="#source-77697-77703">逆旅</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77703-77715">一</note><seg source="#source-77715-77727">午餐。見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77727-77739">下</note><seg source="#source-77739-77742">有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77742-77754">二</note><seg source="#source-77754-77760">少婦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77760-77772">一</note><seg source="#source-77772-77784">。裸體伏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77784-77796">二</note><seg source="#source-77796-77802">俎上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77802-77814">一</note><seg source="#source-77814-77817">。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-7DB3-181-17" source="#source-77817-77889">綳</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77889-77901">二</note><seg source="#source-77901-77910">其手足</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77910-77922">一</note><seg source="#source-77922-77931">。方汲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77931-77943">レ</note><seg source="#source-77943-77952">水洗滌</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77952-77964">上</note><seg source="#source-77964-77991">。恐怖戰悚之状。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-77991-78003">レ</note><seg source="#source-78003-78006">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78006-78018">二</note><seg source="#source-78018-78024">忍視</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78024-78036">一</note><seg source="#source-78036-78057">。客心憫惻。倍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78057-78069">レ</note><seg source="#source-78069-78075">價贖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78075-78087">レ</note><seg source="#source-78087-78096">之。釋</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78096-78108">二</note><seg source="#source-78108-78114">其縛</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78114-78126">一</note><seg source="#source-78126-78129">助</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78129-78141">レ</note><seg source="#source-78141-78150">之。著</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78150-78162">レ</note><seg source="#source-78162-78171">衣手觸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78171-78183">二</note><seg source="#source-78183-78189">其乳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78189-78201">一</note><seg source="#source-78201-78210">。少婦</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-60" source="#source-78210-78257">艴</g><seg source="#source-78257-78269">然曰。荷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78269-78281">二</note><seg source="#source-78281-78290">君再生</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78290-78302">一</note><seg source="#source-78302-78320">。終身賤役無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78320-78332">レ</note><seg source="#source-78332-78335">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78335-78347">レ</note><seg source="#source-78347-78359">悔。然爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78359-78371">二</note><seg source="#source-78371-78377">婢媼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78377-78389">一</note><seg source="#source-78389-78401">則可。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78401-78413">二</note><seg source="#source-78413-78416">妾</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-5-71" source="#source-78416-78489">媵</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78489-78501">一</note><seg source="#source-78501-78525">則必不可。吾惟不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78525-78537">三</note><seg source="#source-78537-78543">肯事</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78543-78555">二</note><seg source="#source-78555-78561">二夫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78561-78573">一</note><seg source="#source-78573-78582">。故鬻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78582-78594">二</note><seg source="#source-78594-78600">諸此</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78600-78612">一</note><seg source="#source-78612-78645">也。君何遽相輕薄耶。解</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78645-78657">レ</note><seg source="#source-78657-78663">衣擲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78663-78675">レ</note><seg source="#source-78675-78693">地。仍裸體伏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78693-78705">二</note><seg source="#source-78705-78711">俎上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78711-78723">一</note><seg source="#source-78723-78735">。瞑目受</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78735-78747">レ</note><seg source="#source-78747-78762">屠。屠者恨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78762-78774">レ</note><seg source="#source-78774-78783">之。生</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78783-78795">二</note><seg source="#source-78795-78813">割其股肉一臠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78813-78825">一</note><seg source="#source-78825-78849">。哀號而已。終無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78849-78861">二</note><seg source="#source-78861-78867">悔意</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78867-78879">一</note><seg source="#source-78879-78891">。惜亦不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78891-78903">レ</note><seg source="#source-78903-78906">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78906-78918">二</note><seg source="#source-78918-78927">其姓名</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-78927-78939">一</note><seg source="#source-78939-78944">。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-78982-79211">この記事は、支那人の Cannibalism に關する一材料たるのみならず、同時に支那婦人の貞操觀を知るべき屈竟の一資料と思ふ。昔楚が呉の爲に大敗して、楚の昭王は妹の季</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-8289-182-5" source="#source-79211-79270">芉</g><seg source="#source-79270-79348">――十四五歳位の少女――を伴ひて逃亡した時、か弱き季</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-8289-182-6" source="#source-79348-79407">芉</g><seg source="#source-79407-79494">は、從者鍾建といふ者に負はれて、難を避けた。難平いで後、季</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-8289-182-6" source="#source-79494-79553">芉</g><seg source="#source-79553-79586">の結婚問題が起るや、季</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-8289-182-6" source="#source-79586-79645">芉</g>は鍾建に負れて、既に彼此接觸したから、鍾建の外に男子には嫁し難しと主張して、遂に鍾建に降嫁したことがある（『左傳』定公五年條、『資治通鑑』後周紀二參觀）。この季<g ref="#gaiji-U-8289-182-8" source="#source-79885-79944">芉</g><seg source="#source-79944-80044">と、かの失名の少婦との間に、その婦徳自から相通ずる所あると思ふ。</seg></p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-80044-80105" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-80065-80101"><seg source="#source-80065-80068">八</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-80108-80153"><seg source="#source-80108-80117">（二）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-80153-80221">籠城して糧食盡きた時に、人肉を食用する場合。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">食人肉の風習を有する支那人は、若し彼等が重圍の中に陷つて、糧食盡くる際には、人肉を以てその不足を補充するのが、古來殆ど一種の慣例となつて居る。さきに引用した『左傳』の宣公十五年の條に、楚が宋を圍んだ時の記事に、「易<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-80545-80557">レ</note>子而食」とあるを始め、同樣若くば、類似の記事が歴代の史料に疊見して居るが、しばらくその中の三四を左に紹介する。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">後漢の末に一代の義士臧洪が、袁紹の爲に雍丘に圍まれて食竭きた時、彼はその愛妾を殺して部下の將卒の食に充てた（『後漢書』卷八十八、臧洪傳）。梁の武帝が反臣侯景の爲に建康の臺城に圍まれた時、官軍糧食に乏しく、馬肉に人肉を雜へて飢を凌いた（『南史』卷八十、侯景傳）。唐の安禄山の賊軍が有名な張巡、許遠を<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-87" source="#source-81171-81218">睢</g>陽に圍んだ時、城中食竭くると、張巡はその愛妾を殺し、許遠はその奴僕を殺して士卒に饗した。『舊唐書』卷百八十七下、張巡傳に、當時の状況を次の如く描いてある。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-81451-82624" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-81486-81501">攻圍既久（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-87" source="#source-81501-81548">睢</g><seg source="#source-81548-81572">陽）城中粮盡。易</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81572-81584">レ</note><seg source="#source-81584-81599">子而食。折</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81599-81611">レ</note><seg source="#source-81611-81641">骸而爨。人心危恐。慮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81641-81653">二</note><seg source="#source-81653-81659">將有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81659-81674">一レ</note><seg source="#source-81674-81698">變。｛張｝巡乃出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81698-81710">二</note><seg source="#source-81710-81716">其妾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81716-81728">一</note><seg source="#source-81728-81734">。對</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81734-81746">二</note><seg source="#source-81746-81752">三軍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81752-81764">一</note><seg source="#source-81764-81767">殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81767-81779">レ</note><seg source="#source-81779-81791">之。以饗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81791-81803">二</note><seg source="#source-81803-81809">軍士</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81809-81821">一</note><seg source="#source-81821-81836">曰。諸公爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81836-81848">二</note><seg source="#source-81848-81854">國家</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81854-81866">一</note><seg source="#source-81866-81872">。戮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81872-81884">レ</note><seg source="#source-81884-81890">力守</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81890-81902">レ</note><seg source="#source-81902-81911">城。一</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81911-81923">レ</note><seg source="#source-81923-81929">心無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81929-81941">レ</note><seg source="#source-81941-81950">二。經</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81950-81962">レ</note><seg source="#source-81962-81968">年乏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81968-81980">レ</note><seg source="#source-81980-81995">食。忠義不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-81995-82007">レ</note><seg source="#source-82007-82019">衰。巡不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82019-82031">レ</note><seg source="#source-82031-82034">能</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82034-82046">下</note><seg source="#source-82046-82052">自割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82052-82064">二</note><seg source="#source-82064-82070">肌膚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82070-82082">一</note><seg source="#source-82082-82091">。以啖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82091-82103">中</note><seg source="#source-82103-82109">將士</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82109-82121">上</note><seg source="#source-82121-82130">。豈可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82130-82142">下</note><seg source="#source-82142-82145">惜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82145-82157">二</note><seg source="#source-82157-82166">此婦人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82166-82178">一</note><seg source="#source-82178-82187">。坐視</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82187-82199">中</note><seg source="#source-82199-82205">危迫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82205-82217">上</note><seg source="#source-82217-82241">。將士皆泣下。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82241-82253">レ</note><seg source="#source-82253-82256">忍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82256-82268">レ</note><seg source="#source-82268-82283">食。巡強令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82283-82295">レ</note><seg source="#source-82295-82298">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82298-82310">レ</note><seg source="#source-82310-82331">之。｛許遠初殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82331-82343">二</note><seg source="#source-82343-82349">奴僮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82349-82361">一</note><seg source="#source-82361-82370">。以哺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82370-82382">レ</note><seg source="#source-82382-82397">卒｝。乃括</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82397-82409">二</note><seg source="#source-82409-82421">城中婦人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82421-82433">一</note><seg source="#source-82433-82448">。既盡。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82448-82460">二</note><seg source="#source-82460-82472">男夫老小</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82472-82484">一</note><seg source="#source-82484-82487">繼</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82487-82499">レ</note><seg source="#source-82499-82508">之。所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82508-82520">レ</note><seg source="#source-82520-82553">食人口二三萬。人心終不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82553-82565">二</note><seg source="#source-82565-82571">離變</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-82571-82583">一</note><seg source="#source-82583-82588">。</seg></p>
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        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">精忠義烈な張巡の後に、かかる悲慘な陰翳が伴うて居る。心ある支那人の中には、早く當時から張巡の不慈を非難した者も絶無ではないが（李肇の『唐國史補』卷上の李翰論張巡の條參看）、一般の支那人は、かかる所行を格別不人情とは認めぬやうである。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">唐末から五代にかけて、城守の際に、人肉食用の蠻行が頻發したことは、さきに紹介した『資治通鑑』の<hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83123-83168"><seg source="#source-83123-83132">（５）</seg></hi><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83168-83213"><seg source="#source-83168-83177">（７）</seg></hi><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83213-83256"><seg source="#source-83213-83221">（11）</seg></hi><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83256-83299"><seg source="#source-83256-83264">（12）</seg></hi><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83299-83342"><seg source="#source-83299-83307">（13）</seg></hi><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83342-83385"><seg source="#source-83342-83350">（14）</seg></hi><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-83385-83428"><seg source="#source-83385-83393">（16）</seg></hi>等の記事に據つて疑ふ餘地がない。五代の趙思綰は、食人鬼として著聞して居るが、彼が長安で後漢の攻圍を受けた時の光景を、『資治通鑑』には、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-83631-84283" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-83666-83681">趙思綰好食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83681-83693">二</note><seg source="#source-83693-83699">人肝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83699-83711">一</note><seg source="#source-83711-83729">。嘗面剖而膾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83729-83741">レ</note><seg source="#source-83741-83762">之。膾盡人猶未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83762-83774">レ</note><seg source="#source-83774-83789">死。又好以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83789-83801">レ</note><seg source="#source-83801-83807">酒呑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83807-83819">二</note><seg source="#source-83819-83825">人膽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83825-83837">一</note><seg source="#source-83837-83843">。謂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83843-83855">レ</note><seg source="#source-83855-83867">人曰。呑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83867-83879">レ</note><seg source="#source-83879-83900">此千枚。則膽無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83900-83912">レ</note><seg source="#source-83912-83924">敵矣。及</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83924-83936">二</note><seg source="#source-83936-83954">長安城中食盡</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83954-83966">一</note><seg source="#source-83966-83972">。取</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83972-83984">二</note><seg source="#source-83984-83996">婦女幼稚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-83996-84008">一</note><seg source="#source-84008-84011">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84011-84023">二</note><seg source="#source-84023-84029">軍糧</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84029-84041">一</note><seg source="#source-84041-84050">。日計</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84050-84062">レ</note><seg source="#source-84062-84071">數而給</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84071-84083">レ</note><seg source="#source-84083-84092">之。毎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84092-84104">レ</note><seg source="#source-84104-84107">犒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84107-84119">レ</note><seg source="#source-84119-84131">軍。輙屠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84131-84143">二</note><seg source="#source-84143-84152">數百人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84152-84164">一</note><seg source="#source-84164-84170">。如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84170-84182">二</note><seg source="#source-84182-84191">羊豕法</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84191-84203">一</note><seg source="#source-84203-84247">（後漢紀三、乾祐二年の條）。</seg></p>
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        <p>と記し、『五代史記』卷五十三の趙思綰傳には、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-84353-84804" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-84388-84433">｛長安｝城中食盡。｛趙思綰｝殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84433-84445">レ</note><seg source="#source-84445-84460">人而食。毎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84460-84472">二</note><seg source="#source-84472-84478">犒宴</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84478-84490">一</note><seg source="#source-84490-84496">。殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84496-84508">二</note><seg source="#source-84508-84517">人數百</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84517-84529">一</note><seg source="#source-84529-84544">。庖宰一如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84544-84556">二</note><seg source="#source-84556-84562">羊豕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84562-84574">一</note><seg source="#source-84574-84586">。思綰取</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84586-84598">二</note><seg source="#source-84598-84604">其膽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84604-84616">一</note><seg source="#source-84616-84622">。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84622-84634">レ</note><seg source="#source-84634-84640">酒呑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84640-84652">レ</note><seg source="#source-84652-84661">之。語</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84661-84673">二</note><seg source="#source-84673-84679">其下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84679-84691">一</note><seg source="#source-84691-84700">曰。食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84700-84712">レ</note><seg source="#source-84712-84718">膽至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84718-84730">レ</note><seg source="#source-84730-84745">千。則勇無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-84745-84757">レ</note><seg source="#source-84757-84768">敵矣。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-84806-84829">と傳へて居る。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-84829-84880">蒙古の太宗が、金を伐ち、その國都</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-52" source="#source-84880-84936">汴</g>京を攻圍した時も、城民は饑餓に苦んだ。『歸潛志』の著者の劉祁は籠城者の一人として、當時の悲慘極まる光景を詳細にその書中に記載してある。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-85139-86186" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-85174-85219">米｛一｝升直銀二兩。貧民往々食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85219-85231">レ</note><seg source="#source-85231-85264">人。殍死者相望。官日載</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85264-85276">二</note><seg source="#source-85276-85282">數車</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85282-85294">一</note><seg source="#source-85294-85297">出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85297-85309">レ</note><seg source="#source-85309-85324">城。一夕皆</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-526E-184-6" source="#source-85324-85377">剮</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85377-85389">二</note><seg source="#source-85389-85398">食其肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85398-85410">一</note><seg source="#source-85410-85440">淨盡。縉紳士女。多行</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85440-85452">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-U-5304-184-7" source="#source-85452-85496">匄</g><seg source="#source-85496-85502">于街</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85502-85514">一</note><seg source="#source-85514-85526">。民間有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85526-85538">レ</note><seg source="#source-85538-85541">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85541-85553">二</note><seg source="#source-85553-85559">其子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85559-85571">一</note><seg source="#source-85571-85592">。錦衣寶器。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85592-85604">レ</note><seg source="#source-85604-85607">能</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85607-85619">レ</note><seg source="#source-85619-85622">易</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85622-85634">二</note><seg source="#source-85634-85640">米升</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85640-85652">一</note><seg source="#source-85652-85667">。人朝出不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85667-85679">二</note><seg source="#source-85679-85688">敢夕歸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85688-85700">一</note><seg source="#source-85700-85709">。懼爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85709-85721">二</note><seg source="#source-85721-85736">飢者殺而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85736-85748">一</note><seg source="#source-85748-85775">。平日親族交舊。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85775-85787">二</note><seg source="#source-85787-85793">一飯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85793-85805">一</note><seg source="#source-85805-85808">相</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85808-85820">二</note><seg source="#source-85820-85829">避于家</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85829-85841">一</note><seg source="#source-85841-85853">。……至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85853-85865">二</note><seg source="#source-85865-85886">于箱、篋、鞍、</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-97C2-184-8" source="#source-85886-85957">韂</g><seg source="#source-85957-85969">、諸皮物</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85969-85981">一</note><seg source="#source-85981-85990">。凡可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-85990-86002">レ</note><seg source="#source-86002-86014">食者。皆</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-52-at-86014" source="#source-86014-86073">煑</g><seg source="#source-86073-86079">而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86079-86091">レ</note>之（『歸潛志』卷十一、録大梁事の條）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-86188-86248">元末天下騷擾の際、張巡の再生と呼ばるる</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-91-82" source="#source-86248-86319">褚</g><seg source="#source-86319-86501">不華が、淮安を固守すること五年に亙つたが、至正十六年（西暦一三五六）十月に城の陷る頃には、城中糧盡きて盛に人肉を食した。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-86501-87513" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-86536-86617">賊｛軍｝……攻圍｛淮安城｝。日益急。｛官軍｝總兵者。屯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86617-86629">二</note><seg source="#source-86629-86632">下</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-92-64" source="#source-86632-86688">邳</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86688-86700">一</note><seg source="#source-86700-86724">。相去五百里。按</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86724-86736">レ</note><seg source="#source-86736-86742">兵不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86742-86754">レ</note><seg source="#source-86754-86766">出。凡遣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86766-86778">レ</note><seg source="#source-86778-86793">使十九輩告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86793-86805">レ</note><seg source="#source-86805-86817">急。皆不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86817-86829">レ</note><seg source="#source-86829-86850">聽。城中餓者仆</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86850-86862">二</note><seg source="#source-86862-86868">道上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86868-86880">一</note><seg source="#source-86880-86892">。即取啖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-86892-86904">レ</note><seg source="#source-86904-86955">之。一切草木、螺蛤、魚蛙、燕烏。及</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-92-16" source="#source-86955-87002">韡</g><seg source="#source-87002-87011">皮、鞍</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-97C2-184-13" source="#source-87011-87083">韂</g><seg source="#source-87083-87161">、革箱、敗弓之筋皆盡。而後父子、夫婦、老穉更相食。撒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87161-87173">レ</note><seg source="#source-87173-87179">屋爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87179-87191">レ</note><seg source="#source-87191-87239">薪。人多露處。……城陷。不華猶據</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87239-87251">二</note><seg source="#source-87251-87257">西門</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87257-87269">一</note><seg source="#source-87269-87281">力鬪。中</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87281-87293">レ</note><seg source="#source-87293-87299">傷見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87299-87311">レ</note><seg source="#source-87311-87320">執。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87320-87332">二</note><seg source="#source-87332-87338">賊所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-87338-87353">一レ</note>臠（『元史』卷百九十四、<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-91-82" source="#source-87389-87460">褚</g><seg source="#source-87460-87477">不華傳）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-87515-87559">これがその當時の記録である。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">その後約三百年を經て、明末の李自成が開封を攻圍した時の慘状は、更に一層甚しい者がある。當時の史料に『守<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-52" source="#source-87715-87771">汴</g>日志』がある。籠城者の一人李光<g ref="#gaiji-U-58C2-185-1" source="#source-87816-87860">壂</g><seg source="#source-87860-88018">の筆録したもので、備さに開封城中の糧食缺乏の有樣を傳へ、その崇禎十五年（西暦一六四二）八月初八日の條に、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-88018-88556" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-88053-88065">人相食有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88065-88077">二</note><seg source="#source-88077-88086">誘而殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88086-88098">レ</note><seg source="#source-88098-88104">之者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88104-88116">一</note><seg source="#source-88116-88122">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88122-88134">下</note><seg source="#source-88134-88140">群捉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88140-88152">二</note><seg source="#source-88152-88158">一人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88158-88170">一</note><seg source="#source-88170-88185">殺而分食者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88185-88197">上</note><seg source="#source-88197-88203">。毎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88203-88215">三</note><seg source="#source-88215-88218">擒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88218-88230">二</note><seg source="#source-88230-88239">獲一輩</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88239-88251">一</note><seg source="#source-88251-88260">。輒折</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88260-88272">レ</note><seg source="#source-88272-88278">脛擲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88278-88290">二</note><seg source="#source-88290-88296">城下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88296-88308">一</note><seg source="#source-88308-88326">。兵民競取食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88326-88338">レ</note><seg source="#source-88338-88347">之。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88347-88359">二</note><seg source="#source-88359-88377">八月終九月初</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88377-88389">一</note><seg source="#source-88389-88398">。父食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88398-88410">レ</note><seg source="#source-88410-88422">子。夫食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88422-88434">レ</note><seg source="#source-88434-88446">妻。兄食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88446-88458">レ</note><seg source="#source-88458-88482">弟。姻親相食。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88482-88494">レ</note><seg source="#source-88494-88497">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88497-88509">レ</note><seg source="#source-88509-88520">問矣。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と記して居る。清初に出た大梁（開封）の人周在浚の『大梁守城記』には、同一事を一層詳細に傳へて、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-88701-91056" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-88736-88799">｛崇禎十五年｝八月三日。五城巡兵倶割級。獻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88799-88811">二</note><seg source="#source-88811-88817">周邸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88817-88829">一</note><seg source="#source-88829-88835">。挾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88835-88847">二</note><seg source="#source-88847-88853">重賞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88853-88865">一</note><seg source="#source-88865-88874">。仍賣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88874-88886">二</note><seg source="#source-88886-88892">民間</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88892-88904">一</note><seg source="#source-88904-88907">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88907-88919">レ</note><seg source="#source-88919-88982">糧。一首率三四金。或云皆良民。四日。中丞勒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-88982-88994">二</note><seg source="#source-88994-89006">富民巨室</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89006-89018">一</note><seg source="#source-89018-89021">追</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89021-89033">二</note><seg source="#source-89033-89039">買糧</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89039-89051">一</note><seg source="#source-89051-89108">。初猶公擧輸勸。已而掲告。已而搜括。望</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89108-89120">二</note><seg source="#source-89120-89126">炊烟</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89126-89138">一</note><seg source="#source-89138-89177">而入。萬竈皆冷。……絶者折</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89177-89189">レ</note><seg source="#source-89189-89216">金。毎石八十金。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89216-89228">二</note><seg source="#source-89228-89243">一百二十金</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89243-89255">一</note><seg source="#source-89255-89267">。……毎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89267-89279">レ</note><seg source="#source-89279-89282">至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89282-89294">二</note><seg source="#source-89294-89300">一家</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89300-89312">一</note><seg source="#source-89312-89318">。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89318-89330">二</note><seg source="#source-89330-89342">大針數百</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89342-89354">一</note><seg source="#source-89354-89357">鑽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89357-89369">二</note><seg source="#source-89369-89378">稚子膚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89378-89390">一</note><seg source="#source-89390-89411">。鍛錬之方。極</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89411-89423">二</note><seg source="#source-89423-89432">其哀慘</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89432-89444">一</note><seg source="#source-89444-89450">。匿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89450-89462">レ</note><seg source="#source-89462-89480">糧者。有司懸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89480-89492">レ</note><seg source="#source-89492-89498">賞募</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89498-89510">レ</note><seg source="#source-89510-89555">告。……八日。人大相食。初猶食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89555-89567">二</note><seg source="#source-89567-89573">死人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89573-89585">一</note><seg source="#source-89585-89600">。死者戒不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89600-89612">二</note><seg source="#source-89612-89618">敢哭</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89618-89630">一</note><seg source="#source-89630-89636">。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89636-89648">レ</note><seg source="#source-89648-89654">是有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89654-89666">二</note><seg source="#source-89666-89681">誘殺強殺者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89681-89693">一</note><seg source="#source-89693-89744">。九月初。則父子兄弟更相食。白骨載</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89744-89756">レ</note><seg source="#source-89756-89813">道。初猶熟食。後生食矣。……十六日。命</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89813-89825">二</note><seg source="#source-89825-89831">郷約</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89831-89843">一</note><seg source="#source-89843-89846">報</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89846-89858">二</note><seg source="#source-89858-89876">民間牛驢馬驢</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89876-89888">一</note><seg source="#source-89888-89894">。充</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89894-89906">二</note><seg source="#source-89906-89912">兵餉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89912-89924">一</note><seg source="#source-89924-89942">。肉一斤。當</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89942-89954">二</note><seg source="#source-89954-89966">兵糧一斤</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-89966-89978">一</note><seg source="#source-89978-90023">。五日而盡。……二十日以後。食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90023-90035">二</note><seg source="#source-90035-90065">牛羊皮襖、靴箱、馬鞍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90065-90077">一</note><seg source="#source-90077-90089">。……未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90089-90101">レ</note><seg source="#source-90101-90146">幾人面皆腫。……城之五隅。皆有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90146-90158">二</note><seg source="#source-90158-90164">鹽坡</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90164-90176">一</note><seg source="#source-90176-90188">。坡上生</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90188-90200">二</note><seg source="#source-90200-90206">蔓草</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90206-90218">一</note><seg source="#source-90218-90230">。民以爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90230-90242">レ</note><seg source="#source-90242-90263">美。爭攫之。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90263-90275">二</note><seg source="#source-90275-90281">絹布</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90281-90293">一</note><seg source="#source-90293-90296">網</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90296-90308">二</note><seg source="#source-90308-90314">紅蟲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90314-90326">一</note><seg source="#source-90326-90338">。一斤獲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90338-90350">二</note><seg source="#source-90350-90359">錢數千</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90359-90371">一</note><seg source="#source-90371-90389">。……糞蛆盈</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90389-90401">レ</note><seg source="#source-90401-90431">器。亦數百錢。盡則食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90431-90443">二</note><seg source="#source-90443-90455">膠泥馬糞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90455-90467">一</note><seg source="#source-90467-90473">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90473-90485">二</note><seg source="#source-90485-90497">騎而過者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90497-90509">一</note><seg source="#source-90509-90512">。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-6387-185-13" source="#source-90512-90575">掇</g><seg source="#source-90575-90584">捨而隨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90584-90596">レ</note><seg source="#source-90596-90620">之。水蟲馬糞。皆</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-56" source="#source-90620-90679">煠</g><seg source="#source-90679-90685">而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90685-90697">レ</note><seg source="#source-90697-90727">之。……九月初。城中</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-80D4-185-13" source="#source-90727-90772">胔</g><seg source="#source-90772-90793">骼山積。斷髮滿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90793-90805">レ</note><seg source="#source-90805-90856">路。天日爲昏。存者十之一二。枯垢如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90856-90868">レ</note><seg source="#source-90868-90886">鬼。河牆下敲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90886-90898">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-U-6387-185-14" source="#source-90898-90961">掇</g><seg source="#source-90961-90967">人骨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90967-90979">一</note><seg source="#source-90979-90985">。吸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-90985-90997">二</note><seg source="#source-90997-91003">其髓</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-91003-91015">一</note><seg source="#source-91015-91020">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といふ。明末には可なり多數の宣教師が支那に入り來り、その若干は開封にも滯在し居つた。その一人なる Roderic de Figueredo（費樂徳）の如きは、開封陷落の時に城と運命を共にして溺死した（Cordier; Histoire générale de la Chine. Tome III, p. 84）。從つてこの開封の慘事は、彼らの記録にも傳へられてある。Martin Martini（衞匡國）の所傳は、下の如く大體に於て『守<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-52" source="#source-91543-91599">汴</g>日記』や『大梁守城記』とよく一致して居る。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-91664-92360" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-91699-92239">六ヶ月間に亙る｛賊軍の｝攻圍によつて、開封城中の食糧が竭きた。米の一ポンドは同目方の銀と交換せられ、腐敗せる古皮の一ポンドは十クラウンに賣買されるといふ有樣である。死人の肉は豚肉同樣に公然と市場で販賣されて居る。死人の屍を通衢に曝らして、他人の食料に供することは、大なる功徳と認められた。やがて強者の餌食となるべき運命をも知らぬ弱き饑人達は、この屍の肉で露命を</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-92239-92254"><rb>維</rb><rt>つな</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-92254-92324">いだ（Bellum Tartaricum｛Semedo; History of China｝p. 270）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-92362-92796">比較的近代の事實としては、阿片戰爭の時（西暦一八四一）廣東でも人肉を食せし事あり（Chinese Repository Vol. X）、同治年間に起つた囘教徒の叛亂中にも往々 Cannibalism が現はれた。同治五六年（西暦一八六六―一八六七）の間に、巴里坤城内在住の漢民は、囘匪に糧道を斷たれた結果、遂に人肉を食用して居る（清の魏光</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-65" source="#source-92796-92849">燾</g>の『戡定新疆記』卷一）。その約二年前の同治三四年（西暦一八六四―一八六五）の頃に、カシュガル城が重圍の裡に陷つた時、城中の支那人及び之に味方したトルコ人等は、糧食に竭きて人肉を食した。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-93127-93541" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-93162-93505">最後に彼等は五人又は六人づつ組を作り、蚤取り眼で餌食を搜がし歩く。單獨なる行人に出會ふと、彼等はこの不幸なる犧牲者を物蔭に引き込みて殺害し、その骨立せる躯體に僅に殘れる肉を、各自に分配した（Visits to High Tartary, Yarkand and Kashgar. p. 48）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-93543-94009">これがその後間もなく千八百六十八年に、カシュガル地方を觀光した英人 Shaw の傳へる報道である。咸豐十一年（西暦一八六一）に、長髮賊徒の一根據地たる安慶が陷る頃には、三年に亙つて官軍の攻圍を受けた城中の住民は、人肉を以て、糧食に當て、人肉一斤は銅錢四十文にて市場に賣買されたといふ（Wilson; The Ever-Victorious Army. p. 79）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-94009-94070" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-94030-94066"><seg source="#source-94030-94033">九</seg></head>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-94073-94118"><seg source="#source-94073-94082">（三）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-94118-94168">嗜好品として人肉を食用する場合。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">こは勿論特別の場合に限る。所が支那では、この特別なるべき場合が、存外頻繁に起るから驚く。已に紹介した齊の桓公が、易牙の子を食したのは、異味を賞翫するといふ理由で、この場合の一例と認めねばならぬ。隋の朱粲や五代の趙思綰も亦人肉愛用者の中に加へねばなるまい。朱粲が當初人肉に口を着けたのは、食糧の缺欠に由るが、彼が人肉を第一の美食と公言せる以上、彼は當然人肉愛用者と認めねばならぬ。趙思綰に就いては五代末（？）の無名氏の『玉堂閑話』（『太平廣記』卷二百六十九所引）に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-94869-95449" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-94904-94925">趙思綰……凡食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-94925-94937">二</note><seg source="#source-94937-94943">人肝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-94943-94955">一</note><seg source="#source-94955-94970">六十六。無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-94970-94982">レ</note><seg source="#source-94982-94985">非</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-94985-94997">二</note><seg source="#source-94997-95009">面剖而膾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95009-95024">一レ</note><seg source="#source-95024-95033">之。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95033-95045">二</note><seg source="#source-95045-95051">食欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95051-95066">一レ</note><seg source="#source-95066-95123">盡。猶宛轉叫呼。而戮者人亦一二萬。嗟乎</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-95123-95141"><rb>儻</rb><rt>モシ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-95141-95144">非</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95144-95156">下</note><seg source="#source-95156-95165">名將仗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95165-95177">二</note><seg source="#source-95177-95183">皇威</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95183-95195">一</note><seg source="#source-95195-95201">而勦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95201-95216">上レ</note><seg source="#source-95216-95234">之。則孰能翦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95234-95246">二</note><seg source="#source-95246-95258">滅黔黎之</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-7330-187-10" source="#source-95258-95327">猰</g><g ref="#gaiji-U-3E84-187-10" source="#source-95327-95396">㺄</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95396-95408">一</note><seg source="#source-95408-95413">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-95451-95513">と傳へて居る。隨分驚くべき話ではないか。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-95513-95525">唐の張</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-94-39" source="#source-95525-95572">鷟</g>の『朝野僉載』に、薛震が人肉を愛用せし事を記して、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-95649-96292" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-95684-95726">武后時。杭州臨安尉薛震。好食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95726-95738">二</note><seg source="#source-95738-95744">人肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95744-95756">一</note><seg source="#source-95756-95762">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95762-95774">二</note><seg source="#source-95774-95786">債主及奴</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95786-95798">一</note><seg source="#source-95798-95804">。詣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95804-95816">二</note><seg source="#source-95816-95822">臨安</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95822-95834">一</note><seg source="#source-95834-95840">。止</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95840-95852">二</note><seg source="#source-95852-95861">於客舍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95861-95873">一</note><seg source="#source-95873-95879">。飮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95879-95891">レ</note><seg source="#source-95891-95906">之醉。竝殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95906-95918">レ</note><seg source="#source-95918-95942">之。水銀和煎。并</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95942-95954">レ</note><seg source="#source-95954-95975">骨銷盡。後又欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95975-95987">レ</note><seg source="#source-95987-95990">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-95990-96002">二</note><seg source="#source-96002-96008">其婦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96008-96020">一</note><seg source="#source-96020-96029">。婦知</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96029-96041">レ</note><seg source="#source-96041-96050">之。踰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96050-96062">レ</note><seg source="#source-96062-96080">墻而遯。以告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96080-96092">二</note><seg source="#source-96092-96098">縣令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96098-96110">一</note><seg source="#source-96110-96119">。令詰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96119-96131">レ</note><seg source="#source-96131-96143">之。具得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96143-96155">二</note><seg source="#source-96155-96161">其情</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96161-96173">一</note><seg source="#source-96173-96179">。申</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96179-96191">レ</note><seg source="#source-96191-96197">州録</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96197-96209">レ</note><seg source="#source-96209-96221">事奏。奉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-96221-96233">レ</note><seg source="#source-96233-96256">勅杖一百而死。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といふ。同書に同時代に施州刺史であつた獨孤莊といふ者が、病中に人肉を好み、部下の奴婢の死せる者の肉を求めて食したことを傳へて居る。薛震といひ獨孤莊といひ、泰平無事の日に、相當の官職を帶べる身分で、かかる嗜好を有すとは、誠に不思議と申さねばならぬ。唐の徳宗憲宗時代の重臣に張茂昭がある。本は奚種族であるが、祖父の時代から中國に歸化して居り、彼自身は節度使から中書令に進み、死後太師まで贈られた。唐の盧言の『盧氏雜説』（『賓退録』卷七所引）に、この張茂昭に就いて次の如く傳へて居る。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-97013-97469" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-97048-97060">張茂昭爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97060-97072">二</note><seg source="#source-97072-97078">節鎭</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97078-97090">一</note><seg source="#source-97090-97099">。頻喫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97099-97111">二</note><seg source="#source-97111-97117">人肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97117-97129">一</note><seg source="#source-97129-97135">。及</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97135-97147">下</note><seg source="#source-97147-97150">除</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97150-97162">二</note><seg source="#source-97162-97168">統軍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97168-97180">一</note><seg source="#source-97180-97183">到</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97183-97198">上レ</note><seg source="#source-97198-97213">京。班中有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97213-97225">レ</note><seg source="#source-97225-97246">人問曰。尚書在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97246-97258">レ</note><seg source="#source-97258-97267">鎭。好</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97267-97279">二</note><seg source="#source-97279-97285">人肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97285-97297">一</note><seg source="#source-97297-97327">虚實。笑曰。人肉腥而</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-53-at-97327" source="#source-97327-97386">臊</g><seg source="#source-97386-97389">。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-97389-97410"><rb>爭</rb><rt>イカデカ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-97410-97413">堪</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97413-97425">レ</note><seg source="#source-97425-97433">喫。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-97471-97551">所謂問ふに落ちずして、語るに落つるものであるまいか。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-97551-97626">嗜好品として人肉を食した者の代表として、五代の高</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-20" source="#source-97626-97682">澧</g>を逸することが出來ぬ。元末の陶宗儀の『輟耕録』卷九に、古來食人の事實を列記せる中に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-97810-98167" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-97845-97869">三國志云。呉將高</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-20" source="#source-97869-97925">澧</g><seg source="#source-97925-97934">。好使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97934-97946">レ</note><seg source="#source-97946-97955">酒。嗜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97955-97967">二</note><seg source="#source-97967-97973">殺人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97973-97985">一</note><seg source="#source-97985-97991">而飮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-97991-98003">二</note><seg source="#source-98003-98009">其血</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98009-98021">一</note><seg source="#source-98021-98036">。日暮必於</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98036-98048">二</note><seg source="#source-98048-98057">宅前後</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98057-98069">一</note><seg source="#source-98069-98075">。掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98075-98087">二</note><seg source="#source-98087-98093">行人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98093-98105">一</note><seg source="#source-98105-98111">而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98111-98123">レ</note><seg source="#source-98123-98131">之。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p>とある。併し『三國志』には一切かかる記事が載せてない。北宋の路振の『九國志』（『粤雅堂叢書』本）卷二に、高<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-20" source="#source-98328-98384">澧</g><seg source="#source-98384-98401">を傳して、</seg></p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-98401-98728" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-98436-98445">｛高｝</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-20" source="#source-98445-98501">澧</g><seg source="#source-98501-98504">嗜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98504-98516">レ</note><seg source="#source-98516-98522">酒好</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98522-98534">レ</note><seg source="#source-98534-98552">侠。殺人而飮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98552-98564">二</note><seg source="#source-98564-98570">其血</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98570-98582">一</note><seg source="#source-98582-98597">。日暮必於</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98597-98609">二</note><seg source="#source-98609-98618">宅前後</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98618-98630">一</note><seg source="#source-98630-98636">。掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98636-98648">二</note><seg source="#source-98648-98654">行人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98654-98666">一</note><seg source="#source-98666-98672">而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-98672-98684">レ</note><seg source="#source-98684-98692">之。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p>とある。疎忽な陶宗儀は、『九國志』を『三國志』と間違へ、嗜酒好侠の句を、好使酒嗜と書き誤つたに相違ない。支那人の著録に、往々『輟耕録』の記事をその儘に襲踏せるものを見受けるが、不注意千萬と申さねばならぬ。高<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-20" source="#source-99039-99095">澧</g>とほぼ時を同くして萇從簡がある。彼は後唐、後晉に歴仕して、節度使、上將軍に出世したが、好んで人肉を食した。『五代史記』、卷四十七に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-99295-99497" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-99330-99351">｛萇｝從簡好食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-99351-99363">二</note><seg source="#source-99363-99369">人肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-99369-99381">一</note><seg source="#source-99381-99387">。所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-99387-99399">レ</note><seg source="#source-99399-99411">至多潛捕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-99411-99423">二</note><seg source="#source-99423-99435">民間小兒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-99435-99447">一</note><seg source="#source-99447-99461">。以食。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p>と記してある。萇從簡の家はもと屠羊を世業としたから、顯官となつて後も、かかる野蠻な習癖を有したものと見える。好んで人肉を食した人は、唐代から五代を經て、北宋初期の人に多い。宋初の柳開は歐蘇の先驅者として、文學史上相當名の聞えた人で、已に『宋史』の文苑傳（卷四百四十）にも載せられてあるが、彼も亦この嗜好を有して居つた。南宋初期の蔡絛の『鐵圍山叢談』卷三に、「｛柳｝開喜生<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100054-100066">二</note><seg source="#source-100066-100075">膾人肝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100075-100087">一</note><seg source="#source-100087-100096">。且多</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100096-100108">二</note><seg source="#source-100108-100114">不法</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100114-100126">一</note>。謂尚仍五季亂習」と記してある。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-100176-100200">明初の新安王有</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-63" source="#source-100200-100247">熺</g>は太祖の第五子なる周定王の子で、太祖の孫に當る皇族であるが、平常人肉を嗜食した。明の沈徳符の『野獲編』卷二十八に、この王に就いて、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-100444-101107" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-100479-100497">性狼戻。嗜生</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100497-100509">二</note><seg source="#source-100509-100527">食人肝及腦膽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100527-100539">一</note><seg source="#source-100539-100548">。常以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100548-100560">二</note><seg source="#source-100560-100566">薄暮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100566-100578">一</note><seg source="#source-100578-100584">。伺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100584-100596">レ</note><seg source="#source-100596-100599">有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100599-100611">二</note><seg source="#source-100611-100614">過</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100614-100626">レ</note><seg source="#source-100626-100632">門者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100632-100644">一</note><seg source="#source-100644-100665">。輙誘入殺而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100665-100677">レ</note><seg source="#source-100677-100704">之。其府第前。日未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100704-100716">レ</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-85-29" source="#source-100716-100763">晡</g><seg source="#source-100763-100772">。即斷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100772-100784">二</note><seg source="#source-100784-100790">行跡</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-100790-100802">一</note><seg source="#source-100802-100811">。……</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-7330-189-9" source="#source-100811-100879">猰</g><g ref="#gaiji-U-3E84-189-9" source="#source-100879-100947">㺄</g><seg source="#source-100947-100950">梟</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-734D-189-9" source="#source-100950-101006">獍</g><seg source="#source-101006-101015">。乃出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-101015-101027">二</note><seg source="#source-101027-101033">帝系</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-101033-101045">一</note><seg source="#source-101045-101071">。亦宗藩異事也。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-101109-101196">と述べて居る。金枝玉葉の身で、かかる嗜好を有するとは、眞に</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-101196-101220"><rb>咄々</rb><rt>とつとつ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-101220-101243">怪事でないか。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">Marco Polo（Yule and Cordier; Vol. II, p. 225）に據ると、福建地方の或る住民は、好んで病死にあらざる人間の肉を食ふ。かくて彼等は殺害された人間の肉を搜索しまはる。彼等は人肉の味を素敵（Excellent）として賞美するといふ。既に Yule の注意せし如く、この住民とは福建の山間に棲息する原住種族を、指すものであらう。此等の原住種族は、早く支那人間に、山魅又は野人などと稱せられ、人肉を食すと傳へられて居る（『太平寰宇記』卷一百、福州の條參看）。從つてこの記事は支那人の Cannibalism の資料に利用し難いかと思ふ。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-101960-102021" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-101981-102017"><seg source="#source-101981-101984">十</seg></head>
        </div>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-102024-102069"><seg source="#source-102024-102033">（四）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-102069-102099">憎惡の極、怨敵の肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-102099-102146">噉</g><seg source="#source-102146-102160">ふ場合。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-102160-102214">支那人はその怨敵に對する時、よく欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102214-102226">レ</note><seg source="#source-102226-102229">噬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102229-102241">二</note><seg source="#source-102241-102247">其肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102247-102259">一</note><seg source="#source-102259-102271">とか、食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102271-102283">レ</note><seg source="#source-102283-102289">之不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102289-102301">レ</note><seg source="#source-102301-102322">厭とか、將た魚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102322-102334">二</note><seg source="#source-102334-102340">肉之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-102340-102352">一</note><seg source="#source-102352-102502">とかいふ文字を使用するが、こは決して誇張せる形容でなく、率直なる事實である。彼等は生きたる怨敵の肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-102502-102549">噉</g><seg source="#source-102549-102591">ふは勿論、死んだ怨敵の肉すら</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-102591-102638">噉</g><seg source="#source-102638-102677">ふことが稀有でない。生者を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-102677-102724">噉</g><seg source="#source-102724-102972">へば之に苦痛を與へ得るが、死者の場合は、屍を鞭打つと同樣の心理に本づくものと想ふ。春秋戰國時代から、この風習の存在したことは、已に述べて置いたから、茲に繰り返さぬ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">漢室を簒奪した王莽が、後に敗死した時の有樣を『漢書』に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-103061-103491" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-103096-103105">軍人分</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103105-103117">二</note><seg source="#source-103117-103135">裂｛王｝莽身</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103135-103147">一</note><seg source="#source-103147-103153">。支</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103153-103165">二</note><seg source="#source-103165-103174">節肌骨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103174-103186">一</note><seg source="#source-103186-103231">。臠分。爭相殺者數十人。……傳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103231-103243">二</note><seg source="#source-103243-103249">莽首</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103249-103261">一</note><seg source="#source-103261-103264">詣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103264-103276">二</note><seg source="#source-103276-103282">更始</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103282-103294">一</note><seg source="#source-103294-103300">。縣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103300-103312">二</note><seg source="#source-103312-103318">宛市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103318-103330">一</note><seg source="#source-103330-103345">。百姓共提</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103345-103357">二</note><seg source="#source-103357-103363">撃之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103363-103375">一</note><seg source="#source-103375-103387">。或切食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103387-103399">二</note><seg source="#source-103399-103405">其舌</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103405-103417">一</note><seg source="#source-103417-103455">（卷九十九、王莽傳下）。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-103493-103646">と載せてある。梁の賊臣侯景、及びその參謀の王偉が、後に失敗して殺戮された時、市民百姓等は競うてその肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-103646-103693">噉</g>食した。前者に就いては『南史』卷八十に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-103755-104671" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-103790-103793">及</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103793-103805">二</note><seg source="#source-103805-103820">｛侯｝景死</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103820-103832">一</note><seg source="#source-103832-103853">。｛王｝僧辯截</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103853-103865">二</note><seg source="#source-103865-103874">其二手</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103874-103886">一</note><seg source="#source-103886-103892">。送</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103892-103904">二</note><seg source="#source-103904-103913">齊文宣</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103913-103925">一</note><seg source="#source-103925-103931">。傳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103931-103943">二</note><seg source="#source-103943-103952">首江陵</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103952-103964">一</note><seg source="#source-103964-103973">。果以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103973-103985">二</note><seg source="#source-103985-103994">鹽五斗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-103994-104006">一</note><seg source="#source-104006-104009">置</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104009-104021">二</note><seg source="#source-104021-104027">腹中</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104027-104039">一</note><seg source="#source-104039-104045">。送</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104045-104057">二</note><seg source="#source-104057-104066">於建康</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104066-104078">一</note><seg source="#source-104078-104084">。暴</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104084-104096">二</note><seg source="#source-104096-104105">之于市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104105-104117">一</note><seg source="#source-104117-104162">。百姓爭取。屠膾羹食。皆盡。并</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-79-2" source="#source-104162-104217">溧</g><seg source="#source-104217-104238">陽｛公｝主亦預</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104238-104250">二</note><seg source="#source-104250-104256">食例</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104256-104268">一</note><seg source="#source-104268-104277">。景焚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104277-104289">レ</note><seg source="#source-104289-104295">骨揚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104295-104307">レ</note><seg source="#source-104307-104319">灰。曾罹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104319-104331">二</note><seg source="#source-104331-104337">其禍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104337-104349">一</note><seg source="#source-104349-104361">者。乃以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104361-104373">レ</note><seg source="#source-104373-104379">灰和</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104379-104391">レ</note><seg source="#source-104391-104397">酒飮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104397-104409">レ</note><seg source="#source-104409-104421">之。首至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104421-104433">二</note><seg source="#source-104433-104439">江陵</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104439-104451">一</note><seg source="#source-104451-104466">。元帝命梟</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104466-104478">二</note><seg source="#source-104478-104484">於市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104484-104496">一</note><seg source="#source-104496-104511">三日。然後</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-87-52-at-86014" source="#source-104511-104570">煑</g><seg source="#source-104570-104576">而漆</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104576-104588">レ</note><seg source="#source-104588-104600">之。以付</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104600-104612">二</note><seg source="#source-104612-104618">武庫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104618-104630">一</note><seg source="#source-104630-104635">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-104673-104694">と記してある。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-79-2" source="#source-104694-104749">溧</g><seg source="#source-104749-104883">陽公主は梁の武帝の孫女であるが、侯景の婦となつたから、衆怒に觸れて食肉されたものと想ふ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">王偉に就いては、『梁書』卷五十六に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-104942-105207" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-104977-104980">及</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104980-104992">下</note><seg source="#source-104992-104995">囚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-104995-105007">二</note><seg source="#source-105007-105016">送江陵</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105016-105028">一</note><seg source="#source-105028-105034">。烹</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105034-105046">中</note><seg source="#source-105046-105052">於市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105052-105064">上</note><seg source="#source-105064-105076">。百姓有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105076-105088">下</note><seg source="#source-105088-105091">遭</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105091-105103">二</note><seg source="#source-105103-105109">其毒</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105109-105121">一</note><seg source="#source-105121-105124">者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105124-105136">上</note><seg source="#source-105136-105151">。竝割炙食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-105151-105163">レ</note><seg source="#source-105163-105171">之。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-105209-105232">と記してある。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-105232-105346">隋唐以來も同一の事例が疊見して居る。君上の怒に觸れ、民衆の怨を買つた者の、</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-105346-105393">噉</g><seg source="#source-105393-105495">食された場合が稀有でない。隋の煬帝は叛臣斛斯政を烹て、百官にその肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-105495-105542">噉</g>はしめ（『資治通鑑』隋紀六、大業十年の條）、隋末關西に割據した薛擧の子薛仁杲は、有名なる文人<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-84-13" source="#source-105680-105739">庾</g><seg source="#source-105739-105748">信の子</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-84-13" source="#source-105748-105807">庾</g><seg source="#source-105807-105912">立を捕獲して、その降らざるを怒り、之を火上に磔し、その肉を割いて軍人に</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-105912-105959">噉</g><seg source="#source-105959-106064">しめた（同上隋紀八、義寧元年の條）。同じく隋末に河北を寇掠した賊首張金</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-83-10" source="#source-106064-106111">穪</g>が、官軍に捕獲された時の光景は、『資治通鑑』隋紀七、大業十二年の條に、次の如く記載されて居る。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-106254-106549" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-106289-106295">吏立</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106295-106307">二</note><seg source="#source-106307-106316">木於市</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106316-106328">一</note><seg source="#source-106328-106334">。懸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106334-106346">二</note><seg source="#source-106346-106352">其頭</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106352-106364">一</note><seg source="#source-106364-106370">。張</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106370-106382">二</note><seg source="#source-106382-106388">手足</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106388-106400">一</note><seg source="#source-106400-106406">。令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106406-106418">下</note><seg source="#source-106418-106427">仇家割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106427-106439">中</note><seg source="#source-106439-106445">食之</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106445-106457">上</note><seg source="#source-106457-106463">。未</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106463-106475">レ</note><seg source="#source-106475-106493">死間。歌謳不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106493-106505">レ</note><seg source="#source-106505-106513">輟。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">唐の則天武后時代の酷吏に來俊臣がある。酷吏の代表として後世にまで聞えて居るが、この來俊臣が後に棄市せられた時、民衆は爭うてその肉を割食した。『資治通鑑』唐紀二十二、神功元年の條に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-106826-107185" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-106861-106870">仇家爭</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-106870-106917">噉</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106917-106929">二</note><seg source="#source-106929-106950">｛來｝俊臣之肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106950-106962">一</note><seg source="#source-106962-106983">。斯須而盡。抉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-106983-106995">レ</note><seg source="#source-106995-107001">眼剥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-107001-107013">レ</note><seg source="#source-107013-107022">面。披</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-107022-107034">レ</note><seg source="#source-107034-107040">腹出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-107040-107052">レ</note><seg source="#source-107052-107061">心。騰</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-89-44" source="#source-107061-107126">蹋</g><seg source="#source-107126-107129">成</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-107129-107141">レ</note><seg source="#source-107141-107149">泥。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-107187-107301">と見えて居る。唐の玄宗の奸相楊國忠が馬嵬で、禁軍の憤怒を買ひ、遂に軍士の爲に</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-107301-107348">噉</g>食された（『新唐書』卷二百六、楊國忠傳）。五代の後晉の末年に、契丹の手先となつて大梁に跋扈した張彦澤が後に死に處せられた時、市民は爭うて其腦を破ぶり其髓を取り、其肉を臠して之を食した（『五代史記』卷五十二、張彦澤傳）。張彦澤と略時代を同くして<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-49" source="#source-107711-107758">閩</g><seg source="#source-107758-107782">の王延政がある。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-49" source="#source-107782-107829">閩</g><seg source="#source-107829-107853">主王審知の子で、</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-49" source="#source-107853-107900">閩</g>の最後の主君である。彼は建州を根據として居つたが、部下に在つた、福州兵の謀叛の噂を聞き、兵を伏せて福州兵八千人を殺し、その肉を脯として食料に供した（明の黄仲昭の『八<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-49" source="#source-108146-108193">閩</g>通志』卷二十七參看）。當時王延政は格別食糧に窮して居らぬから、この擧は全く憎惡から出たものと解釋せなければならぬ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">元の世祖時代に政權を握つた色目人に阿合馬がある。彼は諸方面の反感を買つたが、後にその罪惡が暴露して誅戮された時、かねて彼の專横を惡める人々は爭うてその肉を食した。同時代の鄭所南の『心史』に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-108656-108900" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-108691-108703">軍民盡分</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-108703-108715">二</note><seg source="#source-108715-108733">臠阿合馬之肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-108733-108745">一</note><seg source="#source-108745-108766">而食。貧人亦莫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-108766-108778">レ</note><seg source="#source-108778-108781">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-108781-108793">二</note><seg source="#source-108793-108796">典</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-108796-108808">レ</note><seg source="#source-108808-108823">衣歌飮相慶</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-108823-108835">一</note><seg source="#source-108835-108864">。燕市酒三日倶空。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と記して居る。又明の武宗時代の宦者に劉瑾がある。所謂八虎の隨一で、隨分專横に振舞つた。後に罪を發かれて市に磔せられた時、諸人の彼を怨めるもの、一錢を以てその一臠を買ひ、之を生食したといふ（『皇明通紀』卷十）。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-109216-109267">要するに支那人の間に、罪人の肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-109267-109314">噉</g><seg source="#source-109314-109618">ふことは、一種の私刑として公認の姿となつて居る。怨まれたる、若くば惡まれたる罪人は、所定の公罰を受くるのみでなく、同時に民衆又は仇家に噬食されるといふ私刑を受けねばならぬ。此の如くにして Solayman のいふ所（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-13-21" source="#source-109618-109656">Ⅰ</g><seg source="#source-109656-109790">）の、不忠者は斬罪に處せらるる上に、その肉は食ひ盡されることも、又 Abû Zayd の傳へる所（</seg><g ref="#gaiji-1-13-23" source="#source-109790-109830">Ⅲ</g>）の姦通、泥棒、殺人等、民衆の怨を買ふべき性質の罪人は、所定の公罰を受けた後ち、更に民衆の爲に食ひ盡されることも、大體に於て事實を得たものである。但 Abû Zayd の此等の罪人が、一律に死刑に處せられるといふ點は、一考を要すると思ふ。殺人罪を犯す者の死刑に處せられることは、先づ當然として、唐時代に姦通者や泥棒が、概して死刑に處せられるといふことは、必しも事實でない。『唐律』卷二十六（雜律上）に據ると、一般の姦通罪は徒二年である。されど支那人は親屬間に於ける姦通に對しては、中々嚴しい制裁を加へるから、『唐律』にもこの方面の姦通に對しては、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-110638-111092" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-110673-110679">諸姦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-110679-110691">二</note><seg source="#source-110691-110793">從祖祖母姑。從祖伯叔母姑。從父姉妹。從母。及兄弟妻。兄弟妻。兄弟子妻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-110793-110805">一</note><seg source="#source-110805-110841">者流二千里。強者絞。諸姦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-110841-110853">二</note><seg source="#source-110853-110883">父祖妾。伯叔母。姑。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-59CA-192-14" source="#source-110883-111000">姊</g><seg source="#source-111000-111033">妹。子孫之婦。兄弟之女</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-111033-111045">一</note><seg source="#source-111045-111056">者絞。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と規定してある。『明律』（卷二十五、犯姦律）の規定は一層嚴重で、『唐律』の流は絞に、絞は斬に改められて居る。男女の別の嚴なる支那では、男女相識の範圍は甚だ狹隘で從つて男女の姦通といふ事件は親屬間に多い。親屬間の姦通は、時に死刑に處せらるることもある。此の如くして姦通者が死刑に處せらるるといふ Abû Zayd の所傳も、部分的には正しい。次に Abû Zayd の所謂泥棒（voleur）を強盜の意味に解すれば、この所傳も大體に於て正しい。支那の法律では、竊盜は概して死刑に處せぬが、強盜に對しては中々重い。『唐律』卷第十九（賊盜律三）の規定では、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-111883-112271" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-111918-111930">諸強盜不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-111930-111942">レ</note><seg source="#source-111942-111945">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-111945-111957">レ</note><seg source="#source-111957-112005">財。徒二年。一尺徒三年。二疋及加</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112005-112017">二</note><seg source="#source-112017-112023">一等</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112023-112035">一</note><seg source="#source-112035-112050">。十疋及傷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112050-112062">レ</note><seg source="#source-112062-112077">人者絞。殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112077-112089">レ</note><seg source="#source-112089-112107">人者斬。其持</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112107-112119">レ</note><seg source="#source-112119-112131">仗者。雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112131-112143">レ</note><seg source="#source-112143-112146">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112146-112158">レ</note><seg source="#source-112158-112161">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112161-112173">レ</note><seg source="#source-112173-112209">財。流三千里。五疋絞。傷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-112209-112221">レ</note><seg source="#source-112221-112235">人者斬。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>となつて居るが、『明律』（卷十八、賊盜律）の強盜に對する處分は、今一段と嚴重で、概して斬罪に行ふ。死罪に當る者を笞打ち殺すとは、所謂杖殺をいふ。唐の中世以後は、謀反、惡逆等の如き重大なる者を除き、比較的輕い死罪者は、杖殺するのが普通であつた（『新唐書』刑法志參看）。アラブ人はこの事實を傳へたものと思はれる。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-112737-112783">Marco Polo は元の上都に就いて、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-112783-113239" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-112818-113203">此等の人民は、私が讀者に告知して置かねばならぬ一種（特別）の風習を有す。若し或る者が死に處せられ、官憲の手にて殺戮された時には、彼等人民はその死體を料理して食用に供する。されど（斬殺にあらざる）自然による死者の肉は食はぬ（Yule and Cordier; Marco Polo. vol. I, p. 301）。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と述べて居る。茲にいふ「此等の人民」とは、指す所やや曖昧であるが、上都地方の住民――北支那人及び蒙古人――を意味するものと想ふ。兔に角その風習は支那人のそれに似て、Solayman の記事（<g ref="#gaiji-1-13-21" source="#source-113508-113546">Ⅰ</g><seg source="#source-113546-113878">）と一致する。支那人は時に病死者の肉を、甚しきに時は墓中より掘り出した屍肉すら食ふこともあるが、こは特別の場合に限り、普通は殺害した、又は殺害された人肉を食ふのであるから、Marco Polo や Solayman の所傳は、大體に於て間違がない。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人は父兄の讎に對して、不倶戴天の強い反感をもつ。已に『禮記』にも、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-113988-114531" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-114023-114032">子夏問</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114032-114044">二</note><seg source="#source-114044-114053">於孔子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114053-114065">一</note><seg source="#source-114065-114074">曰。居</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114074-114086">二</note><seg source="#source-114086-114098">父母之讎</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114098-114110">一</note><seg source="#source-114110-114116">。如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114116-114128">二</note><seg source="#source-114128-114134">之何</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114134-114146">一</note><seg source="#source-114146-114161">。子曰。寢</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114161-114173">レ</note><seg source="#source-114173-114179">苫枕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114179-114191">レ</note><seg source="#source-114191-114200">干。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114200-114212">レ</note><seg source="#source-114212-114221">仕。弗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114221-114233">三</note><seg source="#source-114233-114239">與共</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114239-114251">二</note><seg source="#source-114251-114257">天下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114257-114269">一</note><seg source="#source-114269-114278">也。遇</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114278-114290">二</note><seg source="#source-114290-114299">諸市朝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114299-114311">一</note><seg source="#source-114311-114317">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114317-114329">レ</note><seg source="#source-114329-114332">反</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114332-114344">レ</note>兵而鬪（『禮記註疏』卷七、檀弓上）。</p>
        <p><seg source="#source-114400-114418">兄弟之讎。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114418-114430">レ</note><seg source="#source-114430-114433">反</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-114433-114445">レ</note>兵（『禮記註疏』卷三、曲禮上）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-114533-114848">と明記してある通り、儒教は復讎主義を是認し、又奬勵して居る。故に支那人は父兄の讎を尤も惡むべき怨敵と認め、その復讎の場合には、單にその生命を絶つのみを以て滿足せず、往々その骨肉心肝を食ひ盡くして仕舞ふ。西晉末の</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-92-19" source="#source-114848-114895">譙</g>登は、その父を殺害した馬晩を斬つて、その肝を食し（『欽定古今圖書集成』人事典卷二十一所引、東晉の常<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-32" source="#source-115042-115101">璩</g>の『西川後賢志』）、東晉初の趙胤は、その父趙誘の讎なる杜會を斬つて、その肺肝を食した（『太平御覽』卷四百八十一所引、東晉の王隱の『晉書』）。東晉時代に出た謝混が、その父兄の讎に當る張猛を殺して、その肝を食つたことが、『晉書』卷七十九の謝<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-13" source="#source-115455-115502">琰</g><seg source="#source-115502-115571">傳に見えて居り、同時代の馬權が、その兄の讎なる</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-9" source="#source-115571-115644">綦</g>母翊を殺して、その肝を食つたことが、『十六國春秋』卷九十七の北涼録四の馬權傳に見えて居る。馬權はもと胡人であるが、當時の支那人間に行はるる風習にならつて、讎の肝を食したものらしい。隨初の王頒は、その父が陳の武帝に殺害されたのを怨み、隋の征南軍に加つて陳を滅ぼし、武帝の陵を發いて、その骨を焚き水に混じて之を飮んだといふ（『隋書』卷七十二、孝義傳）。唐初の王君操は、父の讎なる李君則を刺殺し、その腹を刳き、心肝を取り出して、立所に<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-116286-116333">噉</g>食し盡した（『舊唐書』卷百八十八、孝友傳）。特に心臟や肝臟を食する場合の多い理由は、已に Groot の注意せる如く、この心肝は生命の根源として、支那人一般に信ぜられて居るからである（The Religious System of China. Vol. IV, pp. 373-374）。その仇敵の心肝を食ひ盡くすことは、彼の生命に對して、最後の、同時に最大の打撃を與へ、その復活を不可能ならしむる所以に外ならぬ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">怨敵の肉なり骨なり心肝なりを食して、鬱憤を晴らすといふのが、支那人古來の風習である。近く西暦千八百九十五年の八月に、廣東地方の或る村落間に水論が起り、兩派に分かれて激しい爭鬪を續けた。この爭鬪の間に、雙方とも多くの死傷者を出し、又若干の捕虜が出來た。此等敵の捕虜は、やがて殺害せられ、その肉は村童仲間へ食料として分配されたと、信用すべき當時の英字新聞は傳へて居る（Ball; Things Chinese. p. 128）。支那の淫書に『覺後禪』がある。その卷三に艶芳といふ婦人が、情人未央生の變心を疑ひ、之を責めた書翰中に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-117581-117950" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-117616-117619">從</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117619-117631">レ</note><seg source="#source-117631-117637">此絶</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117637-117649">レ</note><seg source="#source-117649-117664">交。以後不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117664-117676">レ</note><seg source="#source-117676-117679">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117679-117691">二</note><seg source="#source-117691-117697">再見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117697-117709">一</note><seg source="#source-117709-117715">。若</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-117715-117733"><rb>還</rb><rt>マタ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-117733-117751">再見。我必咬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117751-117763">二</note><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-117763-117843"><rb><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-45" source="#source-117766-117822">儞</g><seg source="#source-117822-117825">的</seg></rb><rt>ナンヂノ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-117843-117846">肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117846-117858">一</note><seg source="#source-117858-117864">。當</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117864-117876">二</note><seg source="#source-117876-117891">做猪肉狗肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-117891-117903">一</note><seg source="#source-117903-117914">吃也。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-117952-118176">と述べて居る。婦人の文句としては、隨分興覺めたものだが、之も支那人間に、怨家の肉を喫食する風習の存在することと關聯して、始めて了解し得る文句である。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">やや事情を異にするが、宋の魯應龍の『閑窓括異志』（『稗海』本）に載せてある左の記事も、亦支那人の Cannibalism を研究するに當つて、一應參考に資すべき材料と思ふ。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-118413-119119" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-118448-118469">江南平。建州有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118469-118481">二</note><seg source="#source-118481-118496">大將余洪敬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118496-118508">一</note><seg source="#source-118508-118523">。妻鄭氏有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118523-118535">二</note><seg source="#source-118535-118541">絶色</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118541-118553">一</note><seg source="#source-118553-118559">。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118559-118571">二</note><seg source="#source-118571-118580">亂兵所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118580-118592">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118592-118604">レ</note><seg source="#source-118604-118613">獲。獻</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118613-118625">二</note><seg source="#source-118625-118643">於裨將王建峰</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118643-118655">一</note><seg source="#source-118655-118664">。遇以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118664-118676">二</note><seg source="#source-118676-118682">非禮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118682-118694">一</note><seg source="#source-118694-118706">。鄭志不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118706-118718">レ</note><seg source="#source-118718-118721">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118721-118733">レ</note><seg source="#source-118733-118745">奪。脅以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118745-118757">二</note><seg source="#source-118757-118763">白刃</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118763-118775">一</note><seg source="#source-118775-118781">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118781-118793">レ</note><seg source="#source-118793-118808">屈。又命引</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118808-118820">二</note><seg source="#source-118820-118823">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118823-118835">レ</note><seg source="#source-118835-118844">掠婦人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118844-118856">一</note><seg source="#source-118856-118862">。令</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118862-118874">二</note><seg source="#source-118874-118886">鄭殺以食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118886-118898">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118898-118910">レ</note><seg source="#source-118910-118958">之。謂鄭曰。汝懼乎。曰此身寧早充</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118958-118970">二</note><seg source="#source-118970-118976">君庖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118976-118988">一</note><seg source="#source-118988-118997">。誓不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-118997-119009">レ</note><seg source="#source-119009-119012">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-119012-119024">下</note><seg source="#source-119024-119027">以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-119027-119039">二</note><seg source="#source-119039-119045">非禮</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-119045-119057">一</note><seg source="#source-119057-119060">汚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-119060-119075">上レ</note><seg source="#source-119075-119083">我。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-119121-119268">婦徳を失はんより身命を擲たんとする、鄭氏の貞節も感心すべきであるが、怒を犯して命を喪ふことを、充</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-119268-119280">二</note><seg source="#source-119280-119286">君庖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-119286-119298">一</note><seg source="#source-119298-119381">――料理の材料に供する――といふ、支那式の所が面白い。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-119381-119611">憎惡とはいへぬが威嚇の目的で、支那人が蠻人の肉を食した場合が、支那史乘に尠からず見當る。殊に唐宋時代に多い。しばらくその二三の例證を左に附記いたさう。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-119611-119665">唐の徳宗時代に、良原の刺史になつた</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-92-70" source="#source-119665-119721">郝</g><g ref="#gaiji-U-73AD-195-17" source="#source-119721-119766">玭</g><seg source="#source-119766-119802">は、吐蕃人を捕獲して之を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-119802-119849">噉</g>食した（唐の李肇の『唐國史補』卷中）。五代の前蜀の王建時代に、四川の軍士は雲南蠻人の入寇するものを擒にして、之を<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-15-19" source="#source-120017-120064">噉</g>食した（五代の孫光憲の『北夢瑣言』卷五）。尤も甚しいのは、北宋の初期に出た、王彦昇である。『宋史』卷二百五十に次の如き記事を發見する。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-120267-120867" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-120302-120323">西人（西戎）有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120323-120335">下</note><seg source="#source-120335-120338">犯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120338-120350">二</note><seg source="#source-120350-120356">漢法</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120356-120368">一</note><seg source="#source-120368-120371">者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120371-120383">上</note><seg source="#source-120383-120404">。｛王｝彦昇不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120404-120416">レ</note><seg source="#source-120416-120419">加</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120419-120431">レ</note><seg source="#source-120431-120440">刑。召</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120440-120452">二</note><seg source="#source-120452-120458">僚屬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120458-120470">一</note><seg source="#source-120470-120482">飮宴。引</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120482-120494">レ</note><seg source="#source-120494-120497">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120497-120509">レ</note><seg source="#source-120509-120518">犯。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120518-120530">レ</note><seg source="#source-120530-120533">手</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-637D-196-3" source="#source-120533-120583">捽</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120583-120595">二</note><seg source="#source-120595-120604">斷其耳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120604-120616">一</note><seg source="#source-120616-120634">。大嚼巵酒下</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120634-120646">レ</note><seg source="#source-120646-120667">之。其人流血被</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120667-120679">レ</note><seg source="#source-120679-120694">體。股栗不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120694-120706">二</note><seg source="#source-120706-120712">敢動</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120712-120724">一</note><seg source="#source-120724-120760">。前後啗者數百人。西人畏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120760-120772">レ</note><seg source="#source-120772-120781">之。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120781-120793">二</note><seg source="#source-120793-120799">敢犯</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120799-120811">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-120811-120823">レ</note><seg source="#source-120823-120831">塞。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人が臺灣を占領した時代には、近く日清戰役の頃まで、臺灣在住の支那人間に、島中の蕃人の肉を食用する風習が行はれ、蕃人の肉が豚肉同樣に市場に公賣されたことも稀有でなかつたと、千八百九十六年一月發行の『Hongkong Daily Press』に見えて居る（Ball; Things Chinese. pp. 128-129）。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-121259-121329" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-121280-121322"><seg source="#source-121280-121286">十一</seg></head>
          <p><seg source="#source-121322-121329">一</seg></p>
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      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-121332-121377"><seg source="#source-121332-121341">（五）</seg></hi><seg source="#source-121377-121427">醫療の目的で人肉を食用する場合。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-121427-121544">唐時代から現時に至るまで約千二百年に亙つて、隨分廣く行はれて居る。この人肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-56" source="#source-121544-121603">瘵</g>疾の良劑として紹介したのは、唐の開元時代の明醫、陳藏器の『本草拾遺』にはじますといふ。『新唐書』卷百九十五の孝友傳の序に、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-121788-122134" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-121823-121841">唐時陳藏器著</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121841-121853">二</note><seg source="#source-121853-121865">本草拾遺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121865-121877">一</note><seg source="#source-121877-121895">。謂。人肉治</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121895-121907">二</note><seg source="#source-121907-121913">羸疾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121913-121925">一</note><seg source="#source-121925-121931">。自</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121931-121943">レ</note><seg source="#source-121943-121955">是民間以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121955-121967">二</note><seg source="#source-121967-121976">父母疾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-121976-121988">一</note><seg source="#source-121988-121994">。多</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-196-12" source="#source-121994-122057">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-122057-122069">二</note><seg source="#source-122069-122075">股肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-122075-122087">一</note><seg source="#source-122087-122098">而進。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と記してある。ほぼ同一の記事が北宋初期の錢易の『南部新書』辛に見えて居るから推すと、『新唐書』は『南部新書』に本づけること疑を容れぬ。歴史を調査しても、唐以前に醫療の目的で人肉を食用した事實は、殆ど見當らぬ。絶無と迄は斷言出來ずとも、先づ絶無に近い。『南史』の孝義傳、『北史』の孝行傳、列女傳を見渡しても股肉を<g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-196-15" source="#source-122601-122664">刲</g><seg source="#source-122664-122750">つて、その父母舅姑の療病に供したものは、一人も見當らぬ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">所が『新唐書』の孝友傳に、始めて父母の疾病を醫療すべく、自己の肉を割いた孝子三人を載せてある。何れも唐の中世以後のものと認められる。降つて『宋史』の孝義傳、列女傳、『元史』の孝友傳、列女傳、『明史』の孝義傳、列女傳の中には、醫療の目的で人肉を食用した例證が頗る多い。陳藏器の『本草拾遺』から、この風習の俑を作つたといふことも、大體に於て事實を得たものと認めねばならぬ。さればこそ支那一流の刺股行孝といふ風習は、唐以後に限つて、隋以前に見當らぬのである。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">陳藏器の『本草拾遺』は原の儘では今日傳らぬが、後世の本草書類に引用されて居るから、その大概を知ることが出來る。支那本草を集成した、明の李時珍の『本草綱目』卷五十二にも、亦『本草拾遺』を引き、羸<g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-56" source="#source-123724-123783">瘵</g><seg source="#source-123783-124001">の醫藥として人肉を擧げて居る。吾が輩は人肉が醫藥として、しかく有效のものであるや否やを審にせぬが、支那人の記録によると、餘程效能あるやうである。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-124001-124327">父母の爲、若くば舅姑の爲め、自己の股肉を割いて供した所謂孝子孝女は、唐宋以後の正史野乘を始め、各地方の通志、府縣志等に疊見して居つて、一々列擧するに堪へぬ。しばらくその一端を示す爲に、四五の事實のみを次に紹介する。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-124330-124375"><seg source="#source-124330-124339">（ａ）</seg></hi>『宋史』卷四百六十、列女傳、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-124419-124834" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-124454-124505">吉州安福縣朱雲孫妻。劉氏姑病。雲孫</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-197-14" source="#source-124505-124568">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-124568-124580">二</note><seg source="#source-124580-124586">股肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-124586-124598">一</note><seg source="#source-124598-124601">作</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-124601-124613">レ</note><seg source="#source-124613-124649">糜以進而愈。姑復病。劉亦</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-197-14" source="#source-124649-124712">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-124712-124724">レ</note><seg source="#source-124724-124760">股以進又愈。尚書謝諤爲賦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-124760-124772">二</note><seg source="#source-124772-124781">孝婦詩</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-124781-124793">一</note><seg source="#source-124793-124798">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-124839-124884"><seg source="#source-124839-124848">（ｂ）</seg></hi>『元史』卷百九十八、孝友傳、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-124928-125632" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-124963-125008">胡伴侶。鈞州密縣人。其父實嘗患</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125008-125020">二</note><seg source="#source-125020-125026">心疾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125026-125038">一</note><seg source="#source-125038-125059">。數月幾死。更</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125059-125071">二</note><seg source="#source-125071-125077">數醫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125077-125089">一</note><seg source="#source-125089-125095">倶莫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125095-125107">二</note><seg source="#source-125107-125113">能療</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125113-125125">一</note><seg source="#source-125125-125146">。伴侶乃齋沐焚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125146-125158">レ</note><seg source="#source-125158-125170">香。泣告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125170-125182">二</note><seg source="#source-125182-125188">于天</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125188-125200">一</note><seg source="#source-125200-125206">。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125206-125218">二</note><seg source="#source-125218-125221">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125221-125233">レ</note><seg source="#source-125233-125242">佩小刀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125242-125254">一</note><seg source="#source-125254-125260">。於</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125260-125272">二</note><seg source="#source-125272-125281">右脇傍</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125281-125293">一</note><seg source="#source-125293-125296">。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-1" source="#source-125296-125358">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125358-125370">二</note><seg source="#source-125370-125379">其皮膚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125379-125391">一</note><seg source="#source-125391-125397">。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125397-125409">二</note><seg source="#source-125409-125418">脂一片</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125418-125430">一</note><seg source="#source-125430-125457">。煎藥以進。父疾遂</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-81-69" source="#source-125457-125528">瘳</g><seg source="#source-125528-125558">。其傷亦旋愈。朝廷旌</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125558-125570">二</note><seg source="#source-125570-125579">表其門</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125579-125591">一</note><seg source="#source-125591-125596">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-125637-125682"><seg source="#source-125637-125646">（ｃ）</seg></hi>『元史』卷二百、列女傳、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-125720-126343" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-125755-125791">秦氏二女。河南宜陽人。逸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125791-125803">二</note><seg source="#source-125803-125809">其名</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125809-125821">一</note><seg source="#source-125821-125833">。父嘗有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125833-125845">二</note><seg source="#source-125845-125851">危疾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125851-125863">一</note><seg source="#source-125863-125875">。醫云不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125875-125887">レ</note><seg source="#source-125887-125890">可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-125890-125902">レ</note><seg source="#source-125902-125908">攻。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-59CA-198-3" source="#source-125908-126024">姊</g><seg source="#source-126024-126027">閉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126027-126039">レ</note><seg source="#source-126039-126054">戸默祷。鑿</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126054-126066">二</note><seg source="#source-126066-126072">己腦</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126072-126084">一</note><seg source="#source-126084-126087">和</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126087-126099">レ</note><seg source="#source-126099-126138">藥進飮。遂愈。父後復病。欲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126138-126150">レ</note><seg source="#source-126150-126159">絶。妹</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-4" source="#source-126159-126221">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126221-126233">二</note><seg source="#source-126233-126239">股肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126239-126251">一</note><seg source="#source-126251-126254">置</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126254-126266">二</note><seg source="#source-126266-126272">粥中</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126272-126284">一</note><seg source="#source-126284-126307">。父小啜即甦。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-126348-126393"><seg source="#source-126348-126357">（ｄ）</seg></hi>『四川總志』（『欽定圖書集成』閨媛典、第三十四卷、閨孝部列傳三所引）</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-126497-127265" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-126532-126544">四川茂州</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-92-80" source="#source-126544-126600">鄧</g><seg source="#source-126600-126621">氏文節妻。節赴</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126621-126633">二</note><seg source="#source-126633-126639">秋試</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126639-126651">一</note><seg source="#source-126651-126663">。母李患</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126663-126675">レ</note><seg source="#source-126675-126690">病。醫治莫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126690-126702">レ</note><seg source="#source-126702-126708">效。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-92-80" source="#source-126708-126764">鄧</g><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-6" source="#source-126764-126826">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126826-126838">二</note><seg source="#source-126838-126847">左臂肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126847-126859">一</note><seg source="#source-126859-126865">。作</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126865-126877">レ</note><seg source="#source-126877-126883">羹奉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126883-126895">レ</note><seg source="#source-126895-126907">姑。姑食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126907-126919">レ</note><seg source="#source-126919-126943">之異。越數日復思</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126943-126955">レ</note><seg source="#source-126955-126976">之。子嘉謨跪告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-126976-126988">二</note><seg source="#source-126988-126994">于母</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-92-80" source="#source-126994-127050">鄧</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127050-127062">一</note><seg source="#source-127062-127077">曰。母能食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127077-127089">レ</note><seg source="#source-127089-127104">姑。孫獨不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127104-127116">レ</note><seg source="#source-127116-127119">能</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127119-127131">レ</note><seg source="#source-127131-127134">食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127134-127146">二</note><seg source="#source-127146-127152">祖母</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127152-127164">一</note><seg source="#source-127164-127229">耶。嘉謨亦割以進。李疾漸愈。有司以聞旌表。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><hi rend="text-combine-upright" snh:layout-kind="tcy" source="#source-127270-127315"><seg source="#source-127270-127279">（ｅ）</seg></hi>『武進縣志』（『欽定圖書集成』閨媛典、第三十四卷、閨孝部列傳三所引）、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-127422-128828" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-127457-127496">楊氏徐時肩妻。年十三。母病</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127496-127508">レ</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-88-56" source="#source-127508-127567">瘵</g><seg source="#source-127567-127579">。醫祷不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127579-127591">レ</note><seg source="#source-127591-127612">愈。晝夜哭泣。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-9" source="#source-127612-127674">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127674-127686">二</note><seg source="#source-127686-127695">左臂肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127695-127707">一</note><seg source="#source-127707-127710">進</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127710-127722">レ</note><seg source="#source-127722-127734">之。卒無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127734-127746">レ</note><seg source="#source-127746-127776">救。哀毀骨立。三年不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127776-127788">レ</note><seg source="#source-127788-127791">見</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127791-127803">レ</note><seg source="#source-127803-127821">齒。父病。奉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127821-127833">二</note><seg source="#source-127833-127839">湯樂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127839-127851">一</note><seg source="#source-127851-127872">必嘗。疾甚。焚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127872-127884">レ</note><seg source="#source-127884-127887">香</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-7C72-198-10" source="#source-127887-127965">籲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127965-127977">レ</note><seg source="#source-127977-127992">天號慟。願</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-127992-128004">二</note><seg source="#source-128004-128007">以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128007-128019">レ</note><seg source="#source-128019-128025">身代</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128025-128037">一</note><seg source="#source-128037-128043">。復</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-10" source="#source-128043-128106">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128106-128118">二</note><seg source="#source-128118-128127">右臂肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128127-128139">一</note><seg source="#source-128139-128151">以進。及</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128151-128163">レ</note><seg source="#source-128163-128172">笄嫁爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128172-128184">二</note><seg source="#source-128184-128190">徐氏</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-5-70" source="#source-128190-128236">媳</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128236-128248">一</note><seg source="#source-128248-128257">。夫就</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128257-128269">二</note><seg source="#source-128269-128275">外傅</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128275-128287">一</note><seg source="#source-128287-128293">。事</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128293-128305">二</note><seg source="#source-128305-128311">舅姑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128311-128323">一</note><seg source="#source-128323-128326">盡</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128326-128338">レ</note><seg source="#source-128338-128377">孝。夫早喪。氏年二十七。以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128377-128389">二</note><seg source="#source-128389-128398">舅姑在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128398-128410">一</note><seg source="#source-128410-128416">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128416-128428">二</note><seg source="#source-128428-128434">敢死</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128434-128446">一</note><seg source="#source-128446-128470">。……姑病。復如</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128470-128482">レ</note><seg source="#source-128482-128488">前。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-11" source="#source-128488-128551">刲</g><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128551-128563">二</note><seg source="#source-128563-128569">體肉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128569-128581">一</note><seg source="#source-128581-128584">和</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128584-128596">レ</note><seg source="#source-128596-128614">藥進。姑病獲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128614-128626">レ</note><seg source="#source-128626-128641">愈。……人</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-83-10" source="#source-128641-128688">穪</g><seg source="#source-128688-128691">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128691-128703">二</note><seg source="#source-128703-128706">三</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-12" source="#source-128706-128769">刲</g><seg source="#source-128769-128775">孺人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-128775-128787">一</note><seg source="#source-128787-128792">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-128830-128872">父母舅姑の爲に、自己の肉を</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-198-13" source="#source-128872-128935">刲</g><seg source="#source-128935-129052">ることは、最上の孝行として、社會も歡迎し、官憲も奬勵した。所が雷同性の多い、模</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-10" source="#source-129052-129108">仿</g>性に富む支那人のこととて、その流弊憂ふべきに至り、支那官憲も幾分之を抵制する必要を感じて來た。已に『元典章』卷三十三、行孝の部に、至元三年（西暦一二六六）の禁割肝<g ref="#gaiji-4-2-3-26" source="#source-129351-129406">剜</g><seg source="#source-129406-129528">眼、至元七年（西暦一二七〇）の行孝割股不當の條文が載せてある。後者の條文の中に、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-129528-130240" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-129563-129566">割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129566-129578">レ</note><seg source="#source-129578-129599">股旌賞體例。雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129599-129611">レ</note><seg source="#source-129611-129614">爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129614-129626">二</note><seg source="#source-129626-129629">行</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129629-129641">レ</note><seg source="#source-129641-129653">孝之一端</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129653-129665">一</note><seg source="#source-129665-129680">。……頗與</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129680-129692">四</note><seg source="#source-129692-129710">聖人垂戒。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129710-129722">三</note><seg source="#source-129722-129728">敢毀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129728-129740">二</note><seg source="#source-129740-129755">傷父母遺體</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129755-129767">一</note><seg source="#source-129767-129770">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129770-129782">レ</note><seg source="#source-129782-129803">同。又恐愚民不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129803-129815">レ</note><seg source="#source-129815-129818">知</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129818-129830">二</note><seg source="#source-129830-129842">侍養常道</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129842-129854">一</note><seg source="#source-129854-129881">。因縁奸弊。以敢毀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129881-129893">二</note><seg source="#source-129893-129902">傷肢體</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129902-129914">一</note><seg source="#source-129914-129923">。或致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129923-129935">二</note><seg source="#source-129935-129941">性命</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129941-129953">一</note><seg source="#source-129953-129962">。又貽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129962-129974">二</note><seg source="#source-129974-129986">父母之憂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-129986-129998">一</note><seg source="#source-129998-130016">。……今後遇</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130016-130028">レ</note><seg source="#source-130028-130031">有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130031-130043">二</note><seg source="#source-130043-130046">割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130046-130058">レ</note><seg source="#source-130058-130067">股之人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130067-130079">一</note><seg source="#source-130079-130085">。雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130085-130097">レ</note><seg source="#source-130097-130100">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130100-130112">レ</note><seg source="#source-130112-130115">在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130115-130127">二</note><seg source="#source-130127-130133">禁限</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130133-130145">一</note><seg source="#source-130145-130154">。亦不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130154-130166">レ</note><seg source="#source-130166-130169">須</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130169-130181">二</note><seg source="#source-130181-130187">旌賞</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130187-130199">一</note><seg source="#source-130199-130204">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と明記してある。されど元の泰定二年（西暦一三二五）に新刊した『事林廣記』壬集卷一に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-130370-130837" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-130405-130423"><rb>諸</rb><rt>スベテ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-130423-130432">……爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130432-130444">二</note><seg source="#source-130444-130483">祖父母、父母、伯叔父母、姑</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-5-75" source="#source-130483-130529">嫜</g><seg source="#source-130529-130538">及舅姑</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130538-130550">一</note><seg source="#source-130550-130556">。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130556-130568">レ</note><seg source="#source-130568-130583">股（奴卑爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130583-130595">二</note><seg source="#source-130595-130601">本主</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130601-130613">一</note><seg source="#source-130613-130625">同）竝委</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130625-130637">二</note><seg source="#source-130637-130643">所屬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130643-130655">一</note><seg source="#source-130655-130664">。由覆</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130664-130676">二</note><seg source="#source-130676-130682">朝廷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130682-130694">一</note><seg source="#source-130694-130703">。官支</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130703-130715">二</note><seg source="#source-130715-130745">絹五疋、羊兩頭田一頃</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130745-130757">一</note><seg source="#source-130757-130766">。以勸</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130766-130778">二</note><seg source="#source-130778-130784">孝悌</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-130784-130796">一</note><seg source="#source-130796-130801">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>とあり、且つ『元史』に至元七年以後も、父母舅姑の爲に、股肉を割いた男女を旌賞した實例が疊見して居るに據ると、行孝割股不當の條文の、實際に於ける效力は疑問と申さねばならぬ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">明の太祖は實際的政治家として、中々傑出し居るが、彼は割股行孝の流弊を知つて、新に之を制限した。明初に青州日照縣の住民に江伯兒といふ者があつて、その母が病に罹つた時、自分の肉を割いて進めたが、十分の效驗がない。彼は遂に神に願掛けして、母の病が平いだら、我が子を殺すことを誓つた。後幸に母が平癒したから、彼はかねての願掛け通り、三歳になる幼兒を殺して神に謝した。地方官憲は江伯兒を母に孝なる者として、旌表すべく上聞した。所が太祖は江伯兒の行爲は人倫を絶滅せる、以ての外の非行として、大に怒り之を海南島に遠謫し、且つ禮部に命じて、將來に於ける孝行旌表の事例を詳議させた。禮部の詳議した結果は、明の何孟春の『餘冬序録摘抄』一（『紀録彙編』卷百四十八）に、次の如く記載してある。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-132103-133741" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-132138-132147">子之事</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132147-132159">レ</note><seg source="#source-132159-132174">親。居則致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132174-132186">二</note><seg source="#source-132186-132192">其敬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132192-132204">一</note><seg source="#source-132204-132216">。養則致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132216-132228">二</note><seg source="#source-132228-132234">其樂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132234-132246">一</note><seg source="#source-132246-132252">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132252-132264">レ</note><seg source="#source-132264-132273">疾則拜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132273-132285">二</note><seg source="#source-132285-132294">託良醫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132294-132306">一</note><seg source="#source-132306-132312">。嘗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132312-132324">二</note><seg source="#source-132324-132333">進善藥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132333-132345">一</note><seg source="#source-132345-132360">。……若臥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132360-132372">レ</note><seg source="#source-132372-132378">氷割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132378-132390">レ</note><seg source="#source-132390-132405">股。前古所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132405-132417">レ</note><seg source="#source-132417-132429">無。事出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132429-132441">二</note><seg source="#source-132441-132447">後世</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132447-132459">一</note><seg source="#source-132459-132480">。亦是間見。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132480-132492">レ</note><seg source="#source-132492-132513">肝之擧。殘害爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132513-132525">レ</note><seg source="#source-132525-132534">最。且</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-132534-132552"><rb>如</rb><rt>モシ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-132552-132564">父母止有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132564-132576">二</note><seg source="#source-132576-132582">一子</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132582-132594">一</note><seg source="#source-132594-132600">。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132600-132612">レ</note><seg source="#source-132612-132618">股割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132618-132630">レ</note><seg source="#source-132630-132642">肝。或至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132642-132654">レ</note><seg source="#source-132654-132657">喪</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132657-132669">レ</note><seg source="#source-132669-132678">生。臥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132678-132690">レ</note><seg source="#source-132690-132699">氷或至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132699-132711">二</note><seg source="#source-132711-132717">凍死</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132717-132729">一</note><seg source="#source-132729-132735">。使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132735-132747">二</note><seg source="#source-132747-132756">父母無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132756-132768">レ</note><seg source="#source-132768-132777">依。宗</seg><g ref="#gaiji-4-2-82-65" source="#source-132777-132824">祊</g><seg source="#source-132824-132827">乏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132827-132839">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132839-132851">レ</note><seg source="#source-132851-132863">生。豈不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132863-132875">三</note><seg source="#source-132875-132881">反爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132881-132893">二</note><seg source="#source-132893-132902">大不孝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132902-132914">一</note><seg source="#source-132914-132923">乎。原</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132923-132935">二</note><seg source="#source-132935-132941">其所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132941-132953">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-132953-132965">レ</note><seg source="#source-132965-133010">自。愚昧之徒。一時激發。及務爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133010-133022">二</note><seg source="#source-133022-133028">詭異</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133028-133040">一</note><seg source="#source-133040-133055">之輩。以驚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133055-133067">レ</note><seg source="#source-133067-133073">俗駭</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133073-133085">レ</note><seg source="#source-133085-133094">世。希</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133094-133106">二</note><seg source="#source-133106-133115">求旌表</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133115-133127">一</note><seg source="#source-133127-133133">。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133133-133145">レ</note><seg source="#source-133145-133151">股不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133151-133163">レ</note><seg source="#source-133163-133172">已。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133172-133184">二</note><seg source="#source-133184-133190">於割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133190-133202">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133202-133214">レ</note><seg source="#source-133214-133223">肝。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133223-133235">レ</note><seg source="#source-133235-133241">肝不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133241-133253">レ</note><seg source="#source-133253-133262">已。至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133262-133274">二</note><seg source="#source-133274-133280">於殺</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133280-133292">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133292-133304">レ</note><seg source="#source-133304-133313">子。違</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133313-133325">レ</note><seg source="#source-133325-133331">道傷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133331-133343">レ</note><seg source="#source-133343-133352">生。莫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133352-133364">二</note><seg source="#source-133364-133370">此爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133370-133382">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133382-133394">レ</note><seg source="#source-133394-133418">甚。自今人子。遇</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133418-133430">二</note><seg source="#source-133430-133439">父母病</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133439-133451">一</note><seg source="#source-133451-133463">。醫治弗</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133463-133475">レ</note><seg source="#source-133475-133484">愈。無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133484-133496">レ</note><seg source="#source-133496-133499">所</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133499-133511">二</note><seg source="#source-133511-133517">控訴</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133517-133529">一</note><seg source="#source-133529-133535">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133535-133547">レ</note><seg source="#source-133547-133550">得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133550-133562">レ</note><seg source="#source-133562-133571">已而臥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133571-133583">レ</note><seg source="#source-133583-133589">氷割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133589-133601">レ</note><seg source="#source-133601-133613">股。亦聽</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133613-133625">二</note><seg source="#source-133625-133631">其爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133631-133643">一</note><seg source="#source-133643-133649">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133649-133661">レ</note><seg source="#source-133661-133664">在</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133664-133676">二</note><seg source="#source-133676-133688">旌表之例</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133688-133700">一</note><seg source="#source-133700-133705">。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-133743-133832">朝廷はこの議を採用して、洪武二十七年（西暦一三九四）に、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-133832-134298" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-133867-133873">凡割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133873-133885">レ</note><seg source="#source-133885-133894">股或至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133894-133906">レ</note><seg source="#source-133906-133909">傷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133909-133921">レ</note><seg source="#source-133921-133930">生。臥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133930-133942">レ</note><seg source="#source-133942-133951">氷或至</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133951-133963">二</note><seg source="#source-133963-133969">凍死</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133969-133981">一</note><seg source="#source-133981-133987">。自</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-133987-133999">レ</note><seg source="#source-133999-134005">古不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134005-134017">レ</note><seg source="#source-134017-134023">稱爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134023-134035">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134035-134047">レ</note><seg source="#source-134047-134059">孝。若爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134059-134071">二</note><seg source="#source-134071-134077">旌表</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134077-134089">一</note><seg source="#source-134089-134095">。恐</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134095-134107">二</note><seg source="#source-134107-134116">其倣傚</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134116-134128">一</note><seg source="#source-134128-134137">。通行</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134137-134149">二</note><seg source="#source-134149-134155">禁約</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134155-134167">一</note><seg source="#source-134167-134173">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134173-134185">レ</note><seg source="#source-134185-134188">許</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134188-134200">二</note><seg source="#source-134200-134206">旌表</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134206-134218">一</note>。（『禮部志稿』卷二十四）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>と發布した。されどこの禁約も支那一流の空文で、爾後明一代を通じて、依然官憲も之を旌表すれば、民間も之を奬揚する（明の張鼎思『琅邪代醉編』卷二十參看）。從つて股を割いて孝を行ふ風習が毫も衰廢せぬ。否有明三百年の間に、割股行孝の風習は、前代に比して一層流行した趣がある（Groot; The Religious System of China. Vol. IV, p. 387）。隨分皮肉な事實ではないか。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-134799-134897">清朝では早く順治九年（西暦一六五二）に、明初の規定を復活して、</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-134897-135296" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-134932-134935">割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134935-134947">レ</note><seg source="#source-134947-134956">股或致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134956-134968">レ</note><seg source="#source-134968-134971">傷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134971-134983">レ</note><seg source="#source-134983-134992">生。臥</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-134992-135004">レ</note><seg source="#source-135004-135013">氷或致</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135013-135025">二</note><seg source="#source-135025-135031">凍死</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135031-135043">一</note><seg source="#source-135043-135049">。恐</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135049-135061">二</note><seg source="#source-135061-135064">民</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-14-10" source="#source-135064-135120">仿</g><seg source="#source-135120-135123">效</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135123-135135">一</note><seg source="#source-135135-135141">。不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135141-135153">レ</note><seg source="#source-135153-135156">准</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135156-135168">二</note><seg source="#source-135168-135174">旌表</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135174-135186">一</note>（『欽定大清會典事例』卷四百三、旌表節孝の條）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>といふ禁令を公布して居る。されどこの規定も七八十年の後には、次第にその效力を失うた。雍正六年（西暦一七二八）に、福建の巡撫から管内の孝子李盛山といふものが、肝を割きて母の病を救ひ、母の病は癒えたが、彼自身はその傷重くして遂に死んだから、この孝子に旌表を加へたいと申出た。禮部は「割<note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135718-135730">レ</note><seg source="#source-135730-135745">肝乃小民輕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135745-135757">レ</note><seg source="#source-135757-135769">生愚孝。</seg><ruby type="furigana" rend="right" source="#source-135769-135787"><rb>向</rb><rt>サキニ</rt></ruby><seg source="#source-135787-135790">無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135790-135802">二</note><seg source="#source-135802-135814">旌表之例</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135814-135826">一</note><seg source="#source-135826-135832">。應</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135832-135844">レ</note><seg source="#source-135844-135847">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135847-135859">二</note><seg source="#source-135859-135865">準行</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135865-135877">一</note>。」と議決したが、雍正帝は、</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-135921-136330" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-135956-135968">朕念。割</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135968-135980">レ</note><seg source="#source-135980-135986">肝療</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-135986-135998">レ</note><seg source="#source-135998-136010">疾。事雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136010-136022">二</note><seg source="#source-136022-136028">不經</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136028-136040">一</note><seg source="#source-136040-136058">。而其迫切救</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136058-136070">レ</note><seg source="#source-136070-136088">母之心。實屬</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136088-136100">レ</note><seg source="#source-136100-136103">難</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136103-136115">レ</note><seg source="#source-136115-136127">得。深可</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136127-136139">二</note><seg source="#source-136139-136145">憐憫</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136145-136157">一</note><seg source="#source-136157-136166">。已加</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136166-136178">レ</note><seg source="#source-136178-136184">恩準</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136184-136196">二</note><seg source="#source-136196-136205">其旌表</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-136205-136217">一</note>矣（『欽定大清會典事例』卷四百三、旌表節孝の條）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-136332-136719">とて、特旨で旌表を加へられて居る。勿論雍正帝は今囘の處置を以て定例となすべからず、又地方官憲はよく管内の人民に、割肝輕生の愚擧を懇戒すべき旨を仰せ下されて居るが、兔に角この時以來、國初の禁令のやや弛緩されたのは爭ふことが出來ぬ。爾來二百年の間、依然として割肝</seg><g ref="#gaiji-U-5232-201-3" source="#source-136719-136781">刲</g><seg source="#source-136781-137166">股の風が行はれ、官憲もその行爲が賣名の目的でない限り、之に旌表を加へて居る。清代の記録や新聞に、かかる例證が多く散見して居るが、煩を恐れて茲には引用すまい。二十餘年間支那に布教して、該國情に精通して居るアメリカの Arthur Smith も、その Chinese Characteristics. p. 178 に、</seg></p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-137166-137788" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-137201-137752">支那人は兩親が難治の疾病に罹る時は、その子女たる者が、自己の肉片を割き之を調理して父母に進めることが、尤も有效な療法と認めて居る。支那の新聞紙上に、時々かかる療法を實行した場合の報道が記載されてある。著者自身も、親しく母親の病氣を醫すべく、自己の股肉を割いた若者に面會したことがある。彼は宛も古武士が戰場で受けた古傷を示すが如き得意な態度で、自分にその傷痕を示した。</seg></p>
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      <div>
        <p><seg source="#source-137790-137813">と述べて居る。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人は單に人肉ばかりでなく、人體の一部分、例へば人膽、人骨、人血、毛髮、爪甲等を始め、その他の奇妙なものまで、皆醫藥として效能あるものと信じて居る（『本草綱目』卷五十二、Behrens; Der Kannibalismus der Chinesen. Globus. Bd. LXXXI, Nr. 6, SS. 96-97. Groot; The Religious System of China. Vol. IV, Chap. XIV, pp. 389-405. 參看）。明代の高<g ref="#gaiji-4-2-8-4" source="#source-138247-138304">寀</g>といふ宦者が、生殖器を再生せしむる目的で、無數の童男を買取り、之を殺害してその腦髓を啖うた（『野獲編』卷六）といふ如き、及び之に類似せる幾多笑ふべき迷信的行爲はしばらく措き、支那人は一般に人の生血、生膽の效能に就いて、多大の信頼を以つて居る。Rennie に據ると、千八百六十五年の頃、北京西郊で罪人を處刑した時、<g ref="#gaiji-U-528A-201-17" source="#source-138761-138815">劊</g><seg source="#source-138815-139477">刀手はその斬り首より噴出する鮮血に饅頭を漬し、血饅頭と名づけて市民に販賣したといふ（Peking and the Pekingese. Vol. II, pp. 243-244）。又長髮賊の亂中に、上海在住の外國商館に雇はれて居つた支那人の召使は、自己の膽力を増進する目的で、所刑された賊徒の心臟を食用したといふ（Balfour; Cyclopaedia of India. Vol. I, p. 570）。この罪人の生血、生膽等を強壯劑として珍重することに關して、支那在住の西洋人の報告も尠からず傳つて居るが（Yule and Cordier; Marco Polo. Vol. I, p. 312）、茲には引用せぬ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">罪人の心肝を使用するのは、まだよい。支那では療病の目的で、他人の生命を斷ち、その肉なりその肝なりを採取する兇行が、古來可なり行はれて居る。已に元代無名氏の『鬼董』（知不足齋叢書』本）卷十二に、左の如き記事が見當る。</p>
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      <div type="layout" source="#source-139803-141491" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-139838-139898">嘉定戊寅（西暦一二一八）冬。廣西諸司。奏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-139898-139910">二</note><seg source="#source-139910-139931">知欽州林千之食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-139931-139943">レ</note><seg source="#source-139943-139949">人事</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-139949-139961">一</note><seg source="#source-139961-139976">。始千之得</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-139976-139988">二</note><seg source="#source-139988-139994">末疾</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-139994-140006">一</note><seg source="#source-140006-140012">。有</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140012-140024">二</note><seg source="#source-140024-140030">道人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140030-140042">一</note><seg source="#source-140042-140051">。教以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140051-140063">三</note><seg source="#source-140063-140081">童男女肉。強</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140081-140093">二</note><seg source="#source-140093-140102">人筋骨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140102-140114">一</note><seg source="#source-140114-140123">。遂捕</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140123-140135">二</note><seg source="#source-140135-140159">境内男女十二三歳</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140159-140171">一</note><seg source="#source-140171-140174">。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-90-47" source="#source-140174-140221">腊</g><seg source="#source-140221-140227">而食</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140227-140239">レ</note><seg source="#source-140239-140248">之。謂</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140248-140260">二</note><seg source="#source-140260-140266">之地</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-93-66" source="#source-140266-140313">雞</g><seg source="#source-140313-140319">地鴨</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140319-140331">一</note><seg source="#source-140331-140352">。其家小婢妾被</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140352-140364">レ</note><seg source="#source-140364-140382">食甚衆。又以</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140382-140394">二</note><seg source="#source-140394-140400">厚賄</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140400-140412">一</note><seg source="#source-140412-140415">使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140415-140427">レ</note><seg source="#source-140427-140436">卒。掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140436-140448">二</note><seg source="#source-140448-140460">人虚市間</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140460-140472">一</note><seg source="#source-140472-140484">。民稍知</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140484-140496">レ</note><seg source="#source-140496-140514">之。皆深閉不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140514-140526">二</note><seg source="#source-140526-140532">敢出</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140532-140544">一</note><seg source="#source-140544-140553">。卒無</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140553-140565">二</note><seg source="#source-140565-140571">以應</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140571-140583">一</note><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140583-140595">レ</note><seg source="#source-140595-140607">命。乃走</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140607-140619">二</note><seg source="#source-140619-140631">其鄰横州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140631-140643">一</note><seg source="#source-140643-140649">。伏</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140649-140661">二</note><seg source="#source-140661-140667">莽中</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140667-140679">一</note><seg source="#source-140679-140682">掠</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140682-140694">二</note><seg source="#source-140694-140700">過者</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140700-140712">一</note><seg source="#source-140712-140730">。横州民呼爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140730-140742">二</note><seg source="#source-140742-140751">紅衣人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140751-140763">一</note><seg source="#source-140763-140769">。意</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140769-140781">二</note><seg source="#source-140781-140787">其盜</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140787-140799">一</note><seg source="#source-140799-140808">也。告</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140808-140820">レ</note><seg source="#source-140820-140838">州捕得。卒言</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140838-140850">二</note><seg source="#source-140850-140856">其情</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140856-140868">一</note><seg source="#source-140868-140880">。監司上</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140880-140892">二</note><seg source="#source-140892-140898">諸朝</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140898-140910">一</note><seg source="#source-140910-140928">。既而獄久不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140928-140940">レ</note><seg source="#source-140940-140952">決。又使</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-140952-140964">下</note><seg source="#source-140964-140979">大理評事孫</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-75" source="#source-140979-141047">涇</g><seg source="#source-141047-141053">。往</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141053-141065">二</note><seg source="#source-141065-141071">全州</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141071-141083">一</note><seg source="#source-141083-141086">置</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141086-141098">レ</note><seg source="#source-141098-141104">獄勘</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141104-141119">上レ</note><seg source="#source-141119-141152">之。還延歳餘。千之竟從</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141152-141164">二</note><seg source="#source-141164-141170">輕典</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141170-141182">一</note><seg source="#source-141182-141197">。僅追毀除</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141197-141209">レ</note><seg source="#source-141209-141218">籍。配</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141218-141230">二</note><seg source="#source-141230-141242">吉陽牢城</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141242-141254">一</note><seg source="#source-141254-141278">而已。既而言者論</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141278-141290">二</note><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-75" source="#source-141290-141358">涇</g><seg source="#source-141358-141361">罪</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-141361-141373">一</note><seg source="#source-141373-141376">。</seg><g ref="#gaiji-3-1-86-75" source="#source-141376-141444">涇</g><seg source="#source-141444-141455">罷去。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>『鬼董』には荒誕な記事も多いが、林千之のことは、『賓退録』を始め、宋元の記録に散見して居るから、當時一般に事實として信用されたらしい。この記事を如何程信用すべきかはしばらく措き、明清時代の記録にも、之と類似の事實が往々發見される。明律に採生折割人の條項があつて、生人の臟腑を取つて人體を毀損する者に對する刑罰を述べて、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-141972-142348" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-142007-142013">凡採</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142013-142025">レ</note><seg source="#source-142025-142031">生折</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142031-142043">二</note><seg source="#source-142043-142049">割人</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142049-142061">一</note><seg source="#source-142061-142076">者。凌遲處</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142076-142088">レ</note><seg source="#source-142088-142103">死。財産斷</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142103-142115">二</note><seg source="#source-142115-142130">付死者之家</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142130-142142">一</note><seg source="#source-142142-142172">。妻子及同居家口。雖</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142172-142184">レ</note><seg source="#source-142184-142187">不</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142187-142199">レ</note><seg source="#source-142199-142202">知</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142202-142214">レ</note><seg source="#source-142214-142247">情。竝流二千里安置。爲</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-142247-142259">レ</note>從者斬（『明律』卷十九、人命部）。</p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>とある。『清律』も全然同一である。隨分の重罰で、人の心肝を採取する者は、この罰を受けねばならぬ。之に拘らずこの條項を犯す者が尠くない（『大清律例集要新編』卷二十五下參看）。豈に驚くべきではないか。</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-142648-142718" style="padding-inline-start: 9em">
        <div>
          <head n="2" source="#source-142669-142711"><seg source="#source-142669-142675">十二</seg></head>
          <p><seg source="#source-142711-142718">二</seg></p>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">古代に溯ると Cannibalism は、存外廣く諸國民の間に行はれて居つた。中古時代のヨーロッパ人の間にも、この蠻風が存在したといふ。否中古に限らず、最近に於ける大戰役の際にも、オーストリーやロシア邊では、食糧缺乏して人肉を食用したと傳へられて居る。しばらく支那の四圍を見渡すと、西のチベット人、北の蒙古人、東の朝鮮人、南の安南、占城諸國民の間にも、嘗て Cannibalism の行はれた證跡歴然たるものがある。ただ我が日本人の間には、支那傳來と思はるる迷信に本づき、療病の目的に、人肉を使用した極めて稀有の場合を除き、記録の上では殆どこの蠻風が見當らぬ。『日本書記』卷十九、欽明天皇の二十八年（西暦五六七）の條に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-143601-143761" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-143636-143675">郡國大水。飢。或人相食。轉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-143675-143687">二</note><seg source="#source-143687-143696">傍郡穀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-143696-143708">一</note><seg source="#source-143708-143725">。以相救。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>とあるは、已に先人の指摘した如く（敷田年治『日本書紀標注』卷十六參看）、『漢書』の元帝本紀初元元年（西暦前四八）九月の條に、</p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-143951-144129" style="padding-inline-start: 2em">
        <p><seg source="#source-143986-144040">關東郡國十一。大水。饑。或人相食。轉</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-144040-144052">二</note><seg source="#source-144052-144064">旁郡錢穀</seg><note type="kunten" subtype="return-mark" rend="subscript" source="#source-144064-144076">一</note><seg source="#source-144076-144093">。以相救。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div>
        <p>とある原文をその儘に襲踏したもので、必しも當時の事實を傳へたものでないかと思はれる。第一郡國の二字は、漢代の支那に於てこそ意義もあれ、我が國としては餘り妥當でない。兔に角日本人が飢饉の場合、籠城の場合に、人肉を食用したといふ確證が見當らぬ。まして嗜好の爲、憎惡の爲、人を啖つた事實の見當らぬのは申す迄もない。太田錦城が、日本では神武開闢以來、人が人を食ふこと見當らざるは、我が國の風俗の淳厚、遠く支那に勝る所以と自慢して居るが（『梧窓漫筆』後編上）、この自慢は支那人と雖ども承認せねばなるまい。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-144874-145489">此の如く食人肉の風習は隨分廣く世界に行はれて居つたが、支那の如き世界最古の文明國の一で、然も幾千年間引續いて、この蠻風を持續した國は餘り見當らぬ。支那人間に於けるこの Cannibalism は、外國傳來のものであるか、若くばその國固有のものであるかは、勿論容易に決定することが出來ぬ。但極めて悠遠なる時代から、可なり普通に、この蠻風が支那人間に存在したことは、吾が輩が上來紹介し來れる事實に據つて、疑を容るべき餘地がない。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-145489-146319">日支兩國は脣齒相倚る間柄で、勿論親善でなければならぬ。日支の親善を圖るには、先づ日本人がよく支那人を了解せなければならぬ。支那人をよく了解する爲には、表裏二面より彼等を觀察する必要がある。經傳詩文によつて、支那人の長所美點を會得するのも勿論必要であるが、同時にその反對の方面、即ちその暗黒の方面をも一應心得置くべきことと思ふ。食人肉風習の存在は、支那人にとつて餘り名譽のことでない。されど儼然たる事實は、到底之を掩蔽することを許さぬ。支那人の一面に、かかる風習の存在せし、若くば存在することを承知し置くのも、亦支那人を了解するに無用であるまいと思ふ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)">支那人間に於ける食人肉風習の存在は、決して耳新しい問題でない。南宋の趙與時の『賓退録』、元末明初に出た陶宗儀の『輟耕録』を始め、明清時代の支那學者の隨筆、雜録中に、斷片的ながらこの食人の史實を紹介し、若くば論評したものが尠くない。日本の學者でこの史實に注意したものも、二三に止らぬ。就中『東京學士會院雜誌』第三篇八册に掲載されてある、神田孝平氏の「支那人人肉ヲ食フノ説」の一篇が、尤も傑出して居る。傑出はして居るが、勿論十分とはいへぬ。</p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-146978-147518">元時代の Marco Polo 以來、明清時代に支那に來た、西洋の宣教師や旅行家が、往々支那人間に於ける食人肉風習を傳へて居るが、何れも斷片的報告に過ぎない。この風習に關する研究的な論文は、未だ歐米の學界に發表されて居らぬ。千九百二年二月六日發行の Globus 雜誌に Behrens の Der Kannibalismus der Chinesen と題せる一篇を收めてあるが、この論文も、一二頁の短篇で、特に紹介する程の價値がない。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-147518-148858">吾が輩の知れる範圍では、西洋の學者の中で、支那人の Cannibalism に關して注意に價するものは、英國の Yule とオランダの Groot との二人である。Yule はその名著 Marco Polo（1903版 Vol. I, pp. 312-313）中に、主として西洋方面の材料によつて、支那人の Cannibalism を紹介して居る。例によつて博引旁搜ではあるが、支那方面の材料を殆ど利用してないのが大なる缺點と思ふ。Groot は Yule と反對に、主として支那方面の材料によつて、支那人の Cannibalism を紹介して居る。（The Religious System of China. Vol. IV, pp. 364-389）。支那方面より蒐録した材料の豐富なことは、確に前人に卓越して居つて、西洋人としては隨分努力を要せしことと想像さるるが、書物の性質上當然とはいへ、Groot は醫療の目的で人肉を食用する場合のみに重きを置き、その他の場合に於ける支那人の Cannibalism を紹介することが甚だ十分でない。又彼は材料の選擇に妥當を缺き、正史や信憑すべき當時の記録よりも、荒誕不稽と思はるる稗史小説を多く引用せる點に於て、同時に又類書より間接引用の多き點に於て、可なり如何を免れぬ。</seg></p>
        <p style="text-indent: 1em" rend="first-line-indent(1)"><seg source="#source-148858-149279">吾が輩のこの論文は劈頭に宣告して置いた通り、Solayman や Abû Zayd の所傳の正確なることを證明し、且つその所傳の事實に解釋を加へることを主目的といたして居るが、同時に支那人の食人肉の風習を、歴史的に究明すると云ふ副目的に就いても、前人の所論に對して可なりの進歩を與へ得た積りである。</seg></p>
      </div>
      <div type="layout" source="#source-149279-149396" style="padding-inline-end: 3em; text-align: right">
        <p>（大正十三年三月十九日稿・『東洋學報』第十四卷第一號所載）</p>
      </div>
    </body>
    <back>
      <div type="source">
        <note type="source-attribution" source="#source-149402-149597"><seg type="source-line">底本：「桑原隲藏全集　第二卷」岩波書店</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line" style="padding-inline-start: 3em">1968（昭和43）年3月13日発行</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">初出：「東洋学報　第十四卷第一號」</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line" style="padding-inline-start: 3em">1924（大正13）年7月</seg></note>
        <note type="transcriber-note" source="#source-149597-150376"><seg type="source-line">※底本は、「六ヶ敷い」の「ヶ」（区点番号5-86）を、大振りにつくっています。</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">※底本で使われている「〔〕」はアクセント分解を示す括弧と重複しますので「｛｝」に改めました。</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">※底本通りの組み体裁を記述しがたいため、「三」「四」の表は形を変えました。</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">※「四」の表に一部、皇帝名を補いました。</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">入力：はまなかひとし</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">校正：染川隆俊</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">2006年7月29日作成</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">2011年3月24日修正</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">青空文庫作成ファイル：</seg><lb/><seg type="source-line">このファイルは、インターネットの図書館、青空文庫（http://www.aozora.gr.jp/）で作られました。入力、校正、制作にあたったのは、ボランティアの皆さんです。</seg></note>
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      <note type="parser-completion" n="true">The n attribute is true when no parser diagnostic of error severity was raised for this source. What the converter could not interpret is recorded in the interpretation-problem and parser-diagnostic notes.</note>
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